挪威科技大学（NTNU）的研究团队取得一项重要发现，广泛用于治疗类风湿性关节炎等炎症性疾病的Janus激酶（JAK）抑制剂，可能意外削弱人体针对多种病毒的免疫防御能力1。该研究指出，这类药物通过抑制关键的免疫信号通路和抗病毒基因活性，移除了先天免疫屏障，从而使得病毒在人体内更容易感染细胞并扩散1。
此次研究发现涉及的受影响病毒包括裂谷热病毒、甲型流感病毒、腺病毒以及SARS-CoV-2，所测试的药物类别中具体包含了巴瑞替尼（baricitinib）1。主要研究人员Denis Kainov、Erlend Ravlo和Aleksandr Ianevski主导了该项工作，其成果已发表于《NAR Molecular Medicine》期刊1。这一发现提示公众及医疗界在病毒爆发期间需谨慎使用此类药物，以免因免疫机制被抑制而加剧病毒感染风险1。
Researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have discovered that Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKs), a class of drugs widely prescribed for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, may inadvertently compromise the body’s immune defenses against dangerous viruses 1. The study indicates that these medications can facilitate the spread of pathogens including Rift Valley fever virus, influenza A, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 within the human body 1. By suppressing critical immune signaling pathways and reducing the activity of antiviral genes, JAK inhibitors remove innate immune barriers, thereby making it easier for viruses to infect cells and proliferate 1.
The findings, published in NAR Molecular Medicine, suggest that specific drugs such as baricitinib contribute to this increased viral susceptibility through their mechanism of action 1. Led by researchers Denis Kainov, Erlend Ravlo, and Aleksandr Ianevski, the team highlights the potential risks associated with using these treatments during periods of viral outbreaks 1. Consequently, the study advises caution when prescribing or taking JAK inhibitors if there is an active circulation of these viruses, as the drugs' intended anti-inflammatory effects may come at the cost of weakened antiviral protection 1.
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