随着今冬可能出现具有历史意义的厄尔尼诺现象，美国正面临一系列极端天气风险。专家警告称，特朗普政府对美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）实施的大规模裁员与预算削减，严重削弱了该国预测、研究及应对此类危机的气候科学能力1。
作为长期被视为全球气候科学和预报领域顶尖机构的NOAA，自2025年1月以来已失去约20%的员工1。削减措施包括裁减人员、取消合同与拨款以及关闭数据库和研究实验室1。这些自特朗普第二任期开始实施的举措，直接阻碍了美国对潜在历史性厄尔尼诺现象所引发的极端天气进行有效预测和响应的能力1。
Experts warn that the Trump administration's significant cuts to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have compromised the United States' ability to predict, study, and respond to extreme weather events. 1 Since January 2025, the agency has lost approximately 20% of its workforce as part of a series of reductions initiated at the start of Donald Trump's second term. 1
These measures included mass layoffs, the cancellation of contracts and grants, and the closure of databases and research laboratories. 1 The resulting degradation in capacity has left the country vulnerable to a potential "cascade" of dangers associated with a historically significant El Niño event expected this winter. 1 Once regarded as a leading global institution for climate science and forecasting, NOAA is now struggling to maintain its critical predictive functions amid these structural changes. 1
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