以色列正在举行自2023年10月7日哈马斯发动袭击及随后加沙、伊朗、黎巴嫩等多地冲突爆发以来的首次议会选举 1。这场被视为历史上至关重要的投票由现任总理内塔尼亚胡与前军方参谋长埃森科特主导，民调显示双方阵营势均力敌 2。由于没有任何一方预计能获得组建多数政府所需的61个席位，选后政治格局存在极大的不确定性，新政府的诞生可能需要经历一段漫长的谈判过程 21。
此次选举的核心议题紧密围绕国家安全与民主制度展开，反对派猛烈抨击政府在哈马斯袭击中的安全失败，该事件造成近1200人死亡及251人被扣为人质 2。竞选期间还伴随着针对伊朗采取潜在军事行动的传闻，尽管内塔尼亚胡否认了相关指控，但报道指出其曾试图推动大选前的最后时刻行动，却遭军方高层及特朗普拒绝 2。此外，司法改革争议以及超正统派征兵问题也是选民关注的焦点 2。
投票结果公布流程具有特殊性，出口民调将于周二晚22:00（格林尼治标准时间20:00）发布，而数十万士兵和预备役人员的选票将从周三开始统计，这进一步增加了结果揭晓的时间成本 2。数据显示，约7万名海外以色列人专程飞回国内参与投票，另有50万人是首次行使选举权 2。鉴于以色列在2019年至2022年间曾因组阁困难被迫举行五次选举，当前复杂的政治和安全背景使得新一轮的权力交接充满变数 21。
Israel has held its first parliamentary election since the Hamas-led attack on October 7, 2023, and subsequent regional conflicts involving Gaza, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen. 1 The vote is viewed as historically critical, defined by a near neck-and-neck race between incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former military chief of staff Gadi Eisenkot in opinion polls. 2 BBC Middle East correspondent Yolande Knell explained that forming a new government may take considerable time due to the complex political and security environment. 1
Forming a majority government requires 61 seats, a threshold neither camp is currently expected to reach. 2 This situation raises the risk of prolonged political maneuvering or stalemate, reminiscent of the five elections held between 2019 and 2022 due to difficulties in cabinet formation. 2 Campaign issues centered on national security, accountability for the October 7 Hamas attack—which resulted in approximately 1,200 deaths and 251 hostages—and judicial reform controversies. 2 Opposition figures criticized the security failures associated with the attacks, while Netanyahu faced accusations of pushing for a last-minute military action against Iran before the election; however, Netanyahu denied these reports, which were reportedly rejected by senior military officials and Donald Trump. 2 Additionally, Netanyahu released an AI-generated image depicting a nuclear strike on Tel Aviv to warn voters. 2
Electoral logistics included roughly 70,000 Israelis flying back from abroad to vote, with 500,000 citizens participating for the first time. 2 Exit polls are scheduled for release at 22:00 local time (20:00 GMT) on Tuesday. 2 The counting of ballots from hundreds of thousands of soldiers and reservists will begin on Wednesday, adding further uncertainty to the final results. 2
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