英国政府正考虑在审查零排放汽车（ZEV）强制令期间，为汽车制造商提供激励措施，以推广“车辆到电网”（V2G）技术 1。该计划允许配备双向充电技术的汽车在电价低谷时充电、高峰时向电网售电，从而帮助平衡可再生能源发电带来的波动 1。目前，相关的政府公众咨询已于周五结束 1。
根据拟定方案，若车企销售安装了V2G技术的车辆，即可获得相应“积分”，这使其在未达成ZEV销售目标时能够免除罚款并继续销售燃油车 1。对此，批评者警告称，这种机制可能被滥用，即车企通过安装实际未被使用的V2G设备来抵消燃油车配额，进而阻碍电动汽车的真正普及并增加碳排放 1。Ben Nelmes指出，“一个甚至两个价值约4000英镑的额外积分，将使制造商从成本仅几百英镑的设备中每辆车获利数千英镑” 1。此外，环境组织估算，若对ZEV强制令进行此类修改，可能导致到2050年大气中额外排放1.47亿吨碳 1。
尽管存在争议，支持方认为V2G技术具有显著的经济和能源潜力。Octopus Energy声称，司机使用该服务每年可节省620英镑 1。国家能源系统运营商（NESO）预测，到2030年，具备V2G功能的汽车可提供1.2吉瓦的按需电力，而这一容量有望在2050年增长至高达41吉瓦 1。
The British government is considering giving manufacturers incentives to add “vehicle to grid” (V2G) technology to cars as part of its review of the zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate 1. A government consultation on the matter closed on Friday 1. Under the proposed framework, carmakers could earn a “credit” for selling cars installed with V2G technology, allowing them to sell another petrol car without facing fines if they miss ZEV targets 1.
Proponents argue that V2G systems allow electric vehicles to act as decentralized energy storage units, charging during periods of low electricity demand and feeding power back into the grid when prices peak. This bidirectional capability helps stabilize the fluctuations associated with renewable energy generation 1. Octopus Energy has claimed that drivers could save £620 a year with the service 1. According to the National Energy System Operator (NESO), V2G cars could provide 1.2 gigawatts of power on demand by 2030, and NESO forecasts this capacity could grow to as much as 41 GW by 2050 1.
However, environmental groups and industry associations have warned that if automakers are allowed to offset fuel car sales targets by installing V2G technology that is not actually used, it could hinder the adoption of electric vehicles and increase carbon emissions 1. Ben Nelmes stated: "one or even two extra credits worth around £4,000 each would hand manufacturers thousands per car for kit that costs a few hundred pounds" 1. Environmental groups estimate changes to the ZEV mandate could mean an additional 147m tonnes of carbon emitted into the atmosphere by 2050 1.
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