一项由名古屋大学Hisashi Hayakawa领导的国际研究团队，通过对公元前709年7月17日日全食记录的重新计算，揭示了地球在约2700年前的自转速度略快于现今。1 该研究成果发表于《天体物理学杂志快报》，其核心突破在于修正了古代鲁国都城曲阜的地理坐标误差，将位置偏差调整为约8公里，从而更精确地还原了历史天文现象。1 基于这一修正模型，研究人员计算出公元前8至6世纪期间的ΔT（Delta T）值介于20,264秒至21,204秒之间。1
此次重算的依据来源于中国古代史籍《春秋》中“日有食之”的记载，以及《汉书》对当时景象“上下完全黄色”的描述，学者推测后者可能指代的是日冕现象。1 这项结合历史文献、考古证据与现代天文模型的研究，不仅为理解地球自转长期变化提供了新数据，还发现了太阳活动从长期低活动期——即新亚述大极小期——恢复至常态活动的潜在证据。1
An international research team led by Hisashi Hayakawa from Nagoya University has utilized a solar eclipse record dating back to July 17, 709 BCE, to uncover new insights into Earth's rotational history and ancient solar activity. 1 By correcting a geographical coordinate error of approximately 8 kilometers for the ancient city of Qufu, the capital of the State of Lu, the researchers were able to recalculate the timing and visibility of this total solar eclipse. 1 Their analysis indicates that Earth rotated slightly faster 2,700 years ago than it does today, with the difference in time (Delta T) for the period between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE calculated at 20,264 to 21,204 seconds. 1
The study, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (2025; 995 (1): L1), combines historical texts, archaeological evidence, and modern astronomical models to reconstruct this ancient event. 1 The primary source for the eclipse is a record in the Spring and Autumn Annals stating "the sun was eclipsed," while the Book of Han describes the phenomenon as "completely yellow above and below," which likely refers to the solar corona. 1 Beyond refining estimates of Earth's past rotation, these findings provide potential evidence that the Sun was recovering from a long-term low-activity phase known as the Neo-Assyrian Grand Minimum during this era. 1 This collaborative work involved institutions such as the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the University of Reading, and the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, with results released on October 26, 2025. 1
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