中国国家统计局发布的《中国统计年鉴2026》显示，2025年中国老年抚养比首次超过少年儿童抚养比，分别为23.1%和22%1。这一转变反映出中国人口结构面临深刻调整。据统计，2025年中国总抚养比达45.1%1，其中0至14岁人口2亿1276万人，占总人口比重为15.1%；65岁及以上人口2亿2365万人，占总人口比重为15.9%1。
近年来中国老年抚养比增长速度明显。2016年老年抚养比为15%，此后逐年上升，2021年突破20%达到20.8%，2024年进一步升至22.8%1。抚养比又称抚养系数，是指非劳动年龄人口对劳动年龄人口（15至64岁）的比例1。
China's demographic structure has undergone a significant shift, with the elderly support ratio surpassing the juvenile support ratio in 2025, according to data released in the China Statistical Yearbook 2026.1 The elderly dependency ratio reached 23.1 percent, while the child dependency ratio stood at 22 percent, marking a historic milestone in the country's aging population trend.1
The total dependency ratio for 2025 was 45.1 percent.1 China's population aged 0 to 14 years numbered 212.76 million, representing 15.1 percent of the total population, while the population aged 65 and above reached 223.65 million, accounting for 15.9 percent of the population.1 The support ratio, also known as the dependency coefficient, measures the proportion of non-working age population to working age population aged 15 to 64.1
The rapid acceleration of China's aging demographics is evident from recent trends.1 The elderly support ratio stood at 15 percent in 2016, surpassed 20 percent by 2021 at 20.8 percent, and rose to 22.8 percent in 2024 before reaching 23.1 percent in 2025.1
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