莫纳什大学研究团队发现，携带特定遗传特征的老年人服用低剂量阿司匹林时，痴呆症相对风险可降低70%1。这项基于超过13,500名ASPREE试验参与者遗传数据的研究挑战了既往结论，此前研究未发现阿司匹林的整体保护效果1。研究成果已发表在《阿尔茨海默症与痴呆症》期刊上1。
具体来看，血小板计数遗传评分最高20%的人群中，阿司匹林使用者的痴呆症患病率为1%，而安慰剂组为3.3%1。然而，同一遗传人群服用阿司匹林的严重出血发生率为4.4%，高于安慰剂组的2.1%1。研究人员指出，发现的遗传关联与已知的阿尔茨海默症遗传风险因素无关，而是指向血小板生物学1。
首席作者彼得·弗朗斯克特博士表示："我们现在需要在其他研究中确认这一发现，并最终在专为具有这种遗传特征的人设计的试验中进行测试"1。根据澳大利亚痴呆症协会数据，预计2026年约有446,500人患痴呆症，到2065年这一数字将超过100万人1。
Researchers at Monash University have identified a genetic subgroup of older adults who may benefit significantly from low-dose aspirin use in reducing dementia risk 1. Among people with the highest 20% of platelet count genetic scores, those taking aspirin showed a dementia prevalence of 1%, compared to 3.3% in the placebo group—representing a 70% relative risk reduction 1. The findings, published in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia and based on genetic data from over 13,500 participants in the ASPREE trial, suggest that previous research failing to detect overall protective effects of aspirin may have overlooked important genetic variations 1.
The discovery comes with a significant caveat: the same genetically predisposed population experienced substantially elevated bleeding risks when taking aspirin 1. Among individuals with the highest platelet count genetic scores, serious bleeding occurred in 4.4% of aspirin users compared to 2.1% of those receiving placebo 1. Lead researcher Dr. Peter Frantsevich emphasized that further validation is essential, stating: "We now need to confirm this finding in other studies and ultimately test it in a trial specifically designed for people with this genetic characteristic" 1. The genetic association identified points toward platelet biology rather than known Alzheimer's disease risk factors, opening a new avenue for understanding aspirin's potential role in dementia prevention 1.
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