秦始皇帝陵博物院与山东大学考古学院的联合研究通过分析兵马俑表面的指纹印痕，推断出女性和少年可能参与了秦兵马俑的制作。1研究团队对一号坑23件陶俑上的79枚独立指纹样本进行了详细分析。1
根据指纹分类统计，成年男性指纹占45.0%，成年女性指纹占32.7%，15岁以下少年指纹占22.3%。1其中，成年男性指纹的年龄峰值约在20岁左右，而成年女性指纹则集中于青年阶段。1这些指纹多数出现在头、臂、铠甲等分体预制部件上，表面指纹共73枚，浮雕指纹6枚。1
研究团队特别强调，该比例为群体层面的统计估计，而非对单枚指纹所属个体的身份指认。1
A joint research project by the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum and the School of Archaeology at Shandong University has uncovered evidence suggesting that women and teenagers participated in the manufacturing of China's famous Terracotta Army 1. By examining fingerprint impressions left on the surfaces of the clay figures, researchers analyzed 79 distinct fingerprint samples collected from 23 terracotta warriors in Pit 1 1.
The fingerprint analysis revealed a diverse workforce composition across different age groups and genders 1. Adult male fingerprints accounted for 45.0 percent of the samples, while adult female fingerprints represented 32.7 percent, and fingerprints belonging to individuals under 15 years old comprised 22.3 percent 1. The researchers found that the peak age for adult male fingerprints was approximately 20 years old, while adult female fingerprints were concentrated within the youth age range 1. The majority of these impressions appeared on prefabricated components including heads, arms, and armor pieces 1, with 73 fingerprints found on flat surfaces and 6 on raised relief areas 1.
The research team emphasized that these proportions represent statistical estimates at the group level rather than individual identification of specific fingerprint owners 1. These findings provide new insight into the labor organization and social structure of Qin Dynasty ceramic production.
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