美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)近日发布《新英格兰水域生态状况》报告，指出缅因州湾的水温升高趋势出现暂时缓解[1]。2025年与2024年的水温略低于过去十年的快速上升期[1]，但科学家预测秋季水温将再次升温，并随着温室气体排放持续上升[1]。自2021年起水温虽有所下降，但仍保持在高于历史水平的状态[1]。
该地区渔业生态面临严峻挑战。商业渔业主要集中在龙虾和扇贝两个领域，两者都面临高气候风险[1]。NOAA东北渔业科学中心2025年计划的24项种群评估中有7项被取消，代之以不全面的数据更新；2026年计划的20多项评估大多已取消，仅6项全面评估继续进行[1]。美国东北渔业科学中心副主任Joseph Caracappa表示："渔业和生态系统的情况看起来都不太稳定"[1]。区域海洋科学家Katherine Mills则指出："缅因州应该拥有一项能够持续维持渔业的龙虾资源，但我们可能需要适应较低的产量"[1]。尽管面临这些挑战，Stonington、Harpswell和Friendship等渔港的活动量仍高于20年前[1]。
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released its State of New England's Coastal Ecosystems report, which reveals that water temperature increases in the Gulf of Maine have temporarily slowed [1]. Waters in 2025 and 2024 were slightly cooler than the rapid, record-breaking warming period of the previous decade [1]. However, scientists predict that autumn temperatures will rise again, with long-term trends expected to continue climbing as greenhouse gas emissions persist [1].
The warming has destabilized the marine ecosystem and reshaped fishery resources. Commercial fishing in the region centers heavily on lobster and scallops, both facing high climate risks [1]. Joseph Caracappa stated that "things don't look particularly stable either in terms of the fishery or the ecosystem" [1]. Despite these challenges, fishing activity in ports including Stonington, Harpswell, and Friendship remains elevated compared to levels from two decades ago [1]. Scientists are urging the fishing industry to diversify its catch to build greater resilience [1]. Katherine Mills noted that "we should have a lobster resource that continues to sustain a fishery here in Maine, but we may have to adjust to lower volume" [1].
The instability is reflected in significant changes at NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, where seven of 24 population assessments planned for 2025 have been cancelled and replaced with incomplete data updates [1]. For 2026, most of the more than 20 assessments originally scheduled have been cancelled, with only six comprehensive evaluations continuing [1].