今年流感疫苗市场出现了"四价转三价"的现象，部分地区只有三价疫苗供应。这一变化背后有科学依据支撑。根据中国疾控中心10月22日发布的流感监测周报，全国检出的流感阳性样本中甲型占比66.1%、乙型占比33.9%，其中甲型主要以A(H3N2)亚型为主，占甲型的80.6%，A(H1N1)pdm09占比19.4%1。同时，乙型Yamagata系自2020年3月以来在全球再未被监测到1。基于这一现实，世卫组织建议将乙型Yamagata系从疫苗组分中移除，并计划在2026—2027年度将全球流感疫苗全面调整为三价疫苗1。
专家表示，三价疫苗可以充分应对当前流行的毒株，与四价疫苗的保护效果基本一致1。接种流感疫苗后，人体需要2到4周才能产生足够的保护性抗体1。由于国内流感高发期通常是11月到次年3月1，建议6月龄及以上且没有接种禁忌的人员每年接种流感疫苗1。
China's flu vaccine market is undergoing a notable transition from quadrivalent to trivalent vaccines, with some regions now offering only three-component formulations.1 According to China's CDC surveillance data released on October 22, the flu viruses currently circulating are primarily A(H3N2) subtype, accounting for 80.6% of detected influenza A cases, alongside B-type Victoria lineage.1 Among all positive samples detected nationwide, influenza A comprises 66.1% and B-type comprises 33.9%.1 Among influenza A cases, A(H1N1)pdm09 accounts for 19.4%.1
The shift reflects global epidemiological patterns. B-type Yamagata lineage has not been detected anywhere worldwide since March 2020,1 prompting the World Health Organization to recommend its removal from vaccine formulations.1 The WHO projects a comprehensive transition to trivalent vaccines globally for the 2026-2027 season.1 Public health experts confirm that trivalent vaccines provide adequate protection against currently circulating strains, with efficacy comparable to quadrivalent formulations.1
Health authorities recommend that all individuals aged six months and older without vaccination contraindications receive annual flu inoculation.1 Vaccine recipients should allow two to four weeks after inoculation for the body to develop sufficient protective antibodies.1 In China, flu transmission typically peaks from November through March of the following year.1
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