NASA公布阿尔忒弥斯月球登陆计划 称为"有史以来最复杂的发射活动"

NASA宣布了修订后的阿尔忒弥斯登月计划，目标在2028年或更早将宇航员送回月球表面2。NASA称这是"有史以来最复杂的发射活动"1，旨在实现月球的长期驻留1。该计划涉及SpaceX和Blue Origin两家公司的月球着陆器，采取不同的技术方案。

根据修订计划，SpaceX星舰方案中，猎户座飞船将在近地轨道与星舰月球着陆器对接，随后前往月球2。Blue Origin的蓝月着陆器方案则采用四次新格伦火箭发射方式，无需进行飞船间加油，允许着陆器在低月球轨道与猎户座飞船完成对接2。此外，NASA顾问对阿尔忒弥斯登陆计划提出了新的风险评估和担忧1。

NASA has unveiled an ambitious and intricate plan to return astronauts to the lunar surface as part of its Artemis program, describing the undertaking as "the most complicated launch campaign ever."1 The revised architecture aims to land crew on the Moon around 2028 or earlier,2 involving carefully choreographed missions with two separate commercial lunar lander providers.

Under the updated strategy, NASA has tailored distinct approaches for SpaceX and Blue Origin.2 For the SpaceX Starship option, the Orion spacecraft will rendezvous and dock with the Starship lunar lander in Earth orbit before proceeding to the Moon.2 The Blue Origin pathway requires four separate New Glenn rocket launches and eliminates the need for in-space refueling between spacecraft, instead allowing the Blue Moon lander to dock with Orion in low lunar orbit.2 NASA's advisors have raised new concerns about the revised landing plans.1