路透社近日发布调查报告《热浪时代》，建议用"热风暴"一词替代传统的"热浪"概念，以更准确描述当今日益频繁和剧烈的全球极端高温现象1。根据报告，热风暴被定义为持续至少5天且覆盖地球表面超过1%的异常高温事件，面积相当于加拿大的一半1。
报告的数据对比触目惊心1。在1960年代，全球平均每年只有5场热风暴，最大覆盖地球表面的6%，持续时间为46天；而当今，全球平均每年发生102场热风暴，最大覆盖面积达到地球表面的85%1。过去18年间，地球上至少持续存在一场热风暴，通常同时出现多场1。2023至2024年，极端高温事件影响了几乎地球上的每个人1。
在气候变暖的大背景下，全球平均气温已上升1.4°C，预计到2050年将进一步升至至少1.7°C1。极端高温每年估计导致近50万人死亡1。为了提升公众对这一现象的认识，路透社建议像给飓风命名一样，对热风暴进行命名处理1。该报告的记者莫里斯·塔曼因此项工作于2025年获得普利策奖，他曾报道过全球芬太尼贸易问题1。COP31气候峰会将于11月9至20日在土耳其召开1。
Reuters has released an investigative report titled "The Age of Heatwaves," proposing that the term "heat storm" replace "heatwave" to more accurately capture the intensity and frequency of today's extreme temperature events globally 1. A heat storm is defined as an abnormally high temperature phenomenon lasting at least five days and covering more than one percent of Earth's surface—an area equivalent to half of Canada 1.
The scale of these events has intensified dramatically. In the 1960s, the planet experienced an average of five heat storms annually, with the largest covering six percent of Earth's surface and lasting 46 days 1. By contrast, today the globe experiences an average of 102 heat storms per year, with the largest covering 85 percent of Earth's surface 1. Over the past 18 years, at least one heat storm has been continuously present on Earth, typically with multiple occurring simultaneously 1. Between 2023 and 2024, heat storms affected nearly every person on the planet 1.
These extreme temperatures carry severe public health consequences. Extreme heat is estimated to cause approximately 500,000 deaths annually worldwide 1. Global average temperatures have already risen by 1.4 degrees Celsius, with projections indicating a rise to at least 1.7 degrees Celsius by 2050 1.
Reuters has suggested naming heat storms similarly to how hurricanes are named, to increase public awareness 1. Reporter Maurice Tamman, who authored the report and previously covered global fentanyl trafficking, received a Pulitzer Prize in 2025 for this work 1. The COP31 climate summit is scheduled to convene from November 9 to 20 in Turkey 1.
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