印度最高法院裁定医院和药房对癌症药物的加价行为构成"敲诈勒索"，促使政府对137种癌症药物实施30%的交易利润上限1。该措施预计将药品价格降低至70%，并帮助患者年度节省2500亿卢比1。
这一决定源于一场具有里程碑意义的诉讼。退休银行职员Sarojam Radhakrishnan因无法承担乳腺癌治疗费用而提起上诉1。最高法院在2023年9月29日的听证会上发现，一种癌症药物从医院进价2700卢比被标价至27000卢比1。国家药品定价局的分析进一步揭示，某些癌症药物的交易加价平均高达170%，极端情况甚至超过700%1。政府此前已对42种药物实施30%利润上限，现已扩展至137种其他药物1。
药物价格管制对数百万印度患者而言意义重大。印度每年新增约156万癌症病例1，而现有保障体系远远不足。政府的Ayushman Bharat保险仅提供50万卢比年度覆盖，但某些乳腺癌药物单剂费用即超过此额1。印度公共卫生基金会的研究表明，医疗支出每年将约5500万印度人推向贫困线以下1。
最高法院已要求政府律师在10月27日前解释，为何上限仅适用于癌症药物而非所有非专利药物1。Sarojam Radhakrishnan于2022年9月去世，未能见证诉讼最终结果1。
India's government has implemented price controls on 137 cancer medications following a Supreme Court determination that hospital and pharmacy markups constituted "extortion." 1 The new measure, effective next month, will impose a maximum profit margin of 30 percent on these drugs. 1
The court's decision emerged from a petition filed by Sarojam Radhakrishnan, a retired bank employee who could not afford treatment for breast cancer. 1 During hearings on September 29, 2023, the Supreme Court discovered that one cancer drug purchased by hospitals at 2,700 rupees was being sold for 27,000 rupees, revealing systematic overpricing. 1 Analysis by India's National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority showed that markups on certain cancer medications averaged 170 percent, with some cases exceeding 700 percent. 1 Radhakrishnan died in September 2022 before witnessing the outcome of her legal challenge. 1
The government had previously applied the 30 percent profit ceiling to 42 medications and is now extending this regulation to an additional 137 drugs. 1 Officials project the measure will reduce drug prices by up to 70 percent and generate annual savings of 250 billion rupees for patients. 1 The action addresses a critical healthcare access issue: India's Ayushman Bharat government insurance scheme provides only 500,000 rupees in annual coverage, yet single doses of certain breast cancer medications exceed this amount. 1 Researchers at India's Public Health Foundation have found that medical expenses push approximately 5.5 million Indians below the poverty line annually. 1 India reports approximately 1.56 million new cancer cases each year, an increase from 1.39 million cases in 2020. 1
The Supreme Court has instructed government lawyers to explain by October 27 why the price cap applies exclusively to cancer drugs rather than all non-patented medications. 1
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