澳大利亚Snowy 2.0抽水蓄能项目的最终成本估计已发布，耗资220-250亿澳元，预计于2029年底完成1。该项目已完成约80%的工程进度1，将改造既有的雪山水电设施，建设大规模抽水蓄能系统，为太阳能和风能发电在夜间及阴雨天提供备用电力1。项目拟建的上部水库Tantangara将最多储蓄254吉升水，相当于悉尼港水量的约50%1，总隧道长度达27公里1。
从经济角度看，该项目具有显著优势。Snowy 2.0的储能容量为350吉瓦时1，相当于700万辆电动汽车的电池储能总量1。若采用等量电池储能方案，成本将是该项目的3倍，但电池寿命仅为20年1，而Snowy 2.0设计使用寿命达150年1。项目的年均成本约为每个澳大利亚人5澳元1。项目完成后将使澳大利亚可充电储能容量增加约4倍1，有助于实现政府到2030年可再生能源发电占比达82%的目标——目前该占比约为50%1。澳大利亚剩余煤电站预计将在未来十年内全部关闭1。相比2017年仅20亿澳元的原始成本估计1，该项目成本已大幅上升。
Australia's Snowy 2.0 project has released its final cost estimate of A$22-25 billion, with construction expected to conclude by the end of 2029.1 The massive pumped-hydro storage scheme, which repurposes the original Snowy Mountains hydroelectric plan, will provide backup power for solar and wind generation during nighttime and cloudy conditions.1 The project is currently approximately 80% complete and will deliver 350 gigawatt-hours of storage capacity—equivalent to the combined battery capacity of 7 million electric vehicles.1
The undertaking represents a significant infrastructure investment aligned with Australia's renewable energy transition. The upper reservoir, Tantangara, will hold up to 254 gigaliters of water, roughly equivalent to 50% of Sydney Harbour's volume.1 A 27-kilometer tunnel will connect the storage system, and the facility is designed to operate for 150 years.1 Once completed, Snowy 2.0 will increase Australia's rechargeable storage capacity by approximately fourfold.1
Cost comparisons underscore the project's economic rationale. Building equivalent battery storage would cost three times more than Snowy 2.0, though batteries have a lifespan of only 20 years compared to the project's 150-year design life.1 The annual cost averages approximately A$5 per Australian resident.1 This infrastructure investment becomes critical as Australia targets 82% renewable energy generation by 2030, up from the current approximately 50%, while all remaining coal-fired power stations are expected to close within the next decade.1
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