越南共产党主席兼国家主席武文赏本周抵达布鲁塞尔进行官方访问1，推进双边战略伙伴关系。欧越贸易联系日益紧密，越南已成为欧盟在东南亚最大商品贸易伙伴，全球排名第14位，而欧盟则是越南第四大贸易伙伴1。两国间的贸易规模持续扩大，2025年欧盟与越南的贸易逆差达517亿欧元（579亿美元），相比2019年的约240亿欧元增长1。欧越自由贸易协议自2020年8月生效以来，双方贸易合作不断深化，越南最近还与欧洲自由贸易协会（包括挪威、瑞士、冰岛和列支敦士登）签署了自由贸易协议1。
然而，国际人权组织对越南的劳工权利保护提出了严重关切。12个国际人权组织联署公开信致函欧委会主席冯德莱恩和欧洲理事会主席科斯塔，表达对越南政府"加剧的镇压"的"严重关切"1。这些组织指出，越南在欧盟贸易协议框架下尚未兑现相关承诺，包括越南尚未批准国际劳工组织关于结社自由的公约，独立工会仍被禁止1。此外，欧越投资保护协议虽于2019年签署，但仍未在欧盟层面生效，目前仅有德国和波兰分别于2月和4月完成批准，法国、荷兰等成员国仍未完成这一程序1。
Vietnam's Communist Party leader Nguyen Phu Trong arrived in Brussels this week for an official visit as the two sides deepen their economic partnership 1. Vietnam has become the European Union's largest merchandise trade partner in Southeast Asia and ranks 14th globally, with the EU serving as Vietnam's fourth-largest trading partner 1. The trade relationship has expanded significantly, with the EU-Vietnam trade deficit reaching 51.7 billion euros in 2025, compared to approximately 24 billion euros in 2019 1.
The economic momentum has been accompanied by institutional developments. Vietnam recently signed a free trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association, which includes Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein 1. The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement came into effect in August 2020 1. Additionally, an EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement was signed in 2019 but remains pending ratification; Germany approved it in February and Poland in April, though France, the Netherlands, and others have not yet completed the process 1.
However, the expanding commercial ties have prompted international scrutiny. Twelve international human rights organizations issued an open letter to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Antonio Costa expressing "serious concern" over Vietnam's "intensifying repression" 1. The organizations have raised concerns that Vietnam has failed to fulfill labor rights and human rights commitments under the EU trade agreement framework 1. Specifically, Vietnam has not ratified International Labour Organization conventions on freedom of association, and independent trade unions remain prohibited 1. The EU has also introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and forest deforestation regulations to apply pressure on environmental and social standards 1.
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