德国灵长类研究中心的科学家通过比较人类和绒猴的脑器官体，发现了绒猴脑部皮层较小且褶皱较少的原因1。研究人员在细胞层面确定了多个关键差异：绒猴的神经祖细胞分裂速度明显慢于人类1，这些细胞结构更简单、突起较少，因此增殖能力较低1。此外，快速增殖的时间窗口更短1，这些因素共同导致神经元生成减少，最终形成了较小且光滑的脑表面1。
该研究成果已发表在《科学进展》杂志2026年第12期（39）上1。研究团队发现，绒猴脑器官体培养50天的发育阶段相当于自然绒猴脑在第90天的发育阶段1。这一发现为理解灵长类脑进化和人类脑发育障碍提供了新的线索1。
Researchers at the German Primate Center have identified the cellular factors that explain why marmoset brains are smaller and smoother than human brains. 1 By comparing brain organoids from humans and marmosets, scientists determined multiple differences at the cellular level, including slower division rates of neural progenitor cells, simpler cell structures, and shorter windows of rapid proliferation. 1 These combined factors result in reduced neuron generation, ultimately producing a smaller and less wrinkled brain surface. 1
The study, led by researchers including Lidiia Tynianskaia, César Mateo Bastidas Betancourt, and Michael Heide at the Göttingen Institute for Primate Research, was published in Science Advances in October 2026. 1 The findings revealed that neural progenitor cells in marmosets divide "significantly more slowly than in humans" and possess "simpler structures with fewer projections, resulting in lower proliferation capacity." 1 In laboratory conditions, the development of marmoset brain organoids after 50 days corresponded to the 90-day developmental stage observed in natural marmoset brain development. 1 These insights provide new clues for understanding primate brain evolution and potential developmental disorders affecting the human brain. 1
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