美国宇航局正在建造首艘核反应堆动力星际飞船"太空反应堆-1号自由号"（SR-1 Freedom），用于执行无人火星探测任务1。该飞船计划于2028年底前发射，预计在2029年抵达火星1。
这一项目采用核电推进技术，通过铀裂变反应堆产生的热量发电，驱动离子推进系统1。反应堆的铀填充容量至少为20千瓦，计划在发射约两天后启动，以确保与地球保持安全距离1。项目总投资预计约20亿美元1。核电推进方式旨在提高航天任务效率，同时降低宇航员在太空中的辐射暴露风险1。
中国和俄罗斯也在推进类似的核能利用计划，双方计划在2030年代中期在月球表面部署反应堆，为联合月球基地提供电力1。
NASA is developing Space Reactor-1 Freedom, the first nuclear reactor-powered interplanetary spacecraft designed for an uncrewed Mars mission 1. The agency plans to launch the vessel by the end of 2028, with arrival at Mars targeted for 2029 1. The journey to Mars is expected to take approximately one year 1.
The spacecraft will utilize nuclear electric propulsion, powered by a uranium-fueled reactor with a minimum capacity of 20 kilowatts that converts heat from fission into electricity to drive ion thrusters 1. To ensure safety, the reactor will be activated approximately two days after launch 1. The project is estimated to cost around $2 billion and aims to enhance space travel efficiency while reducing astronauts' exposure to cosmic radiation 1.
China and Russia have announced plans to deploy reactors on the lunar surface in the mid-2030s to power a joint lunar base 1.
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