美国加征301关税 中国商务部表示将全面评估并保留反制权利

美国贸易代表署根据301调查结果对中国商品加征12.5%的关税1，导致美国对中国商品的实际关税水平达到22.2%，较此前增加1.4个百分点1。这一新关税于美东时间4月24日凌晨12时1分生效，替代了川普此前实施的10%临时性关税1。

中国商务部对此表示，美方曾在经贸磋商中明确承诺替代加征关税不超过20%1，而当前美方的实际举措违反了该承诺1。中方指出，对美第一轮芬太尼关税和对等关税的反制措施仍然保持有效1。商务部表示将全面评估美方后续举措，并保留采取必要措施的权利1。

The U.S. Trade Representative's Office has imposed an additional 12.5% tariff on Chinese goods following a 301 investigation, bringing the effective tariff rate on Chinese merchandise to 22.2%, an increase of 1.4 percentage points from previous levels 1. The new tariff took effect at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on April 24, replacing President Trump's temporary 10% tariff that had been in place 1.

China's Ministry of Commerce responded by stating that the United States had explicitly committed during trade negotiations to keep substitute tariffs at no more than 20%, a pledge the ministry characterized as now violated 1. The ministry announced it would conduct a comprehensive assessment of Washington's subsequent actions while reserving the right to take necessary countermeasures 1. China's retaliatory measures from the first round of fentanyl tariffs and reciprocal tariffs against the United States remain in effect 1. The escalation comes against a backdrop of elevated trade tensions, with U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods having previously reached as high as 145% last year 1.