大件旧物处理已成为城市家庭的现实难题。北京市民赵先生的椭圆仪虽然能正常运转，最终却以倒付70元的方式才得以处理1；另一位北京市民陈先生则花费300元处理一件原价1000多元的闲置沙发1。在二手交易平台上，一张原价3000元的布艺沙发回收价仅为几十元到一百元1。这种巨大的价格落差背后，是回收企业面临的高昂成本压力。重庆的一位回收商透露，完全拆解一张沙发需要半小时，一车旧家具上门清运十多公里的收入仅约200元1。
尽管面临挑战，市场发展势头向好。2025年中国二手商品交易额达1.69万亿元，同比增长12.4%，近五年平均复合增长率达11.2%1。政策层面也在加速推进。2024年商务部等9部门联合印发《关于健全废旧家电家具等再生资源回收体系的通知》1，2025年国家发改委、财政部随即印发《关于2025年加力扩围实施大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新政策的通知》1。地方试点也在探索创新模式：上海推行社区旧家具拼单收运和志愿者协调方式1，江苏常州则依托App推出上门搬运、清运预约等功能1。这些举措试图整合社区端、企业端和平台端力量，推动大件旧物的循环利用。
Urban residents across China face an unexpected paradox: disposing of still-functional large household items has become more costly than acquiring them. A Beijing resident named Zhao paid 70 yuan to have an elliptical machine removed despite its proper functioning, while another Beijing homeowner surnamed Chen spent 300 yuan to dispose of a sofa originally worth over 1,000 yuan.1 The disconnect between disposal costs and residual value has created a systemic bottleneck in China's circular economy.
The economics of bulk waste recovery present formidable obstacles for both consumers and recyclers. A secondhand trading platform listed an upholstered sofa with an original price of 3,000 yuan with a recovery value of only tens to one hundred yuan.1 A recycling operator in Chongqing described the labor-intensive nature of the work: completely disassembling a single sofa requires half an hour, and a truck route collecting old furniture across more than ten kilometers yields approximately 200 yuan in revenue.1 These constraints—driven by high costs for transportation, storage, and handling—leave recycling enterprises unable to achieve profitability, which in turn stalls the flow of secondhand goods through formal channels.
Despite these challenges, market momentum suggests potential for growth. China's secondhand commodity transaction volume reached 1.69 trillion yuan in 2025, representing a 12.4 percent year-over-year increase, with an average compound growth rate of 11.2 percent over the past five years.1 Policymakers have taken steps to address systemic gaps: in 2024, the Ministry of Commerce and eight other departments jointly issued guidance on perfecting the recovery system for end-of-life appliances and furniture,1 followed by policies from the National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Finance in 2025 implementing expanded programs for bulk equipment replacement and consumer goods trade-in initiatives.1
Local governments are piloting innovative solutions to streamline collection. Shanghai has experimented with community-based bulk furniture consolidated pickup models and volunteer coordination systems,1 while Jiangsu's Changzhou launched an app-based platform offering on-site moving and pickup scheduling functions.1 These initiatives reflect a broader effort to integrate resources from community collection points, enterprise operators, and digital platforms to facilitate circular utilization of discarded goods.
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