澳大利亚的研究揭示了住房市场中一个被忽视的结构性障碍：尽管老年人掌握大量住房资产和空余房间，财务政策却阻碍了他们缩小房产规模。根据调查，近90%的55岁以上家庭至少拥有一间空余卧室，其中60%拥有两间或以上 1。全国范围内，这些空卧室总数达到约1300万间 1。这些潜在可用的住房资源本可以缓解澳大利亚日益紧张的住房供应，但却因政策制度而被闲置。
老年人倾向于保留现有住房的主要原因是印花税、资产测试和抵押贷款资格限制等因素 1。数据显示，60%的65至74岁房主在过去15年间没有搬迁过 1。与此同时，澳大利亚人口老龄化趋势加剧了这一问题：1971年时仅有17%的澳大利亚人超过55岁，但到2028年，这一比例将与25岁以下人口大致相等 1。专家建议通过以广泛的土地税替代印花税，并为老年人建立中密度住房选项等方式，打破这一僵局并缓解住房危机 1。
Research reveals a significant disconnect in Australia's housing market, where older residents hold substantial property assets yet remain reluctant to downsize. Nearly 90 percent of households headed by people aged 55 and over possess at least one spare bedroom, with approximately 60 percent owning two or more 1. Across the nation, some 13 million vacant bedrooms remain unused, yet financial and regulatory barriers prevent seniors from releasing these properties back into the market 1.
The reluctance to downsize stems from multiple disincentives embedded in Australia's policy framework 1. Stamp duty, asset testing requirements, and mortgage qualification restrictions collectively discourage older homeowners from moving to smaller properties 1. Adding to this inertia, 60 percent of homeowners aged 65 to 74 have not relocated over the past 15 years 1. Meanwhile, Australia's demographic profile is shifting dramatically—while just 17 percent of the population was over 55 in 1971, that proportion is projected to roughly equal the under-25 population by 2028 1.
Experts advocate for substantial policy reforms to unlock this trapped housing supply. Recommendations include replacing stamp duty with a broad-based land tax and developing medium-density housing specifically designed for aging populations 1. These measures aim to simultaneously address the nation's housing shortage and create more suitable living arrangements for seniors.
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