MIT研究人员发现，生酮饮食存在显著的双重效应：虽然可能对结肠起到保护作用，但却可能增加小肠肿瘤的风险。1由Omer Yilmaz领导的MIT团队与Jessica Shay和Fangtao Chi等合作开展的研究表明，在采用生酮饮食的小鼠中，小肠肿瘤风险明显上升。1这一肿瘤生长效应由脂肪酸氧化代谢途径驱动，该途径激活促进干细胞快速增殖的信号蛋白。1
研究人员指出，生酮体（BHB）此前被认为是代谢副产物，但实际上并非该过程中的关键因素。1基于这一发现，研究团队强调商业生酮补充剂可能作用甚微，并呼吁在推广生酮饮食的效果时需要谨慎行事。1
Researchers at MIT have discovered a complex trade-off in the ketogenic diet: while it may offer protective effects against colon cancer, it appears to increase the risk of small intestine tumors 1. The team, led by Omer Yilmaz and conducted in collaboration with Jessica Shay and Fangtao Chi, found that mice following a ketogenic diet showed elevated tumor risk in the small intestine 1. The researchers emphasize the need for caution in promoting the benefits of ketogenic diets without acknowledging these potential risks 1.
The mechanism behind this effect centers on fat oxidation metabolism, a cellular pathway that becomes activated during ketogenic dieting 1. This metabolic process triggers signaling proteins that promote rapid proliferation of stem cells, creating conditions favorable to tumor development 1. Contrary to popular belief, ketone bodies—compounds produced during ketogenic metabolism—appear to be byproducts rather than the primary drivers of this effect 1. The findings suggest that commercial ketone supplements may have limited efficacy in replicating the diet's effects 1.
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