教育部、国家卫生健康委、国家疾控局日前联合印发《关于防控儿童青少年高度近视的通知》1。通知明确，高度近视是指近视度数大于等于600度或眼轴长度大于等于26毫米1，这类近视可能演变成病理性近视，增加视网膜脱离、黄斑病变、青光眼、白内障等并发症风险1。
防控措施涵盖多个方面1。在学校层面，要求中小学生每天综合体育活动时间不低于2小时，推行"课间15分钟"安排1，并建立视觉健康档案，每学年组织1次健康体检和每学期进行2次视力监测1。家长方面，建议至少每半年带孩子到医疗机构进行1次全面的眼健康随访检查1。对于已高度近视的学生，应避免剧烈运动，可佩戴合适的防护眼镜1。
通知还强调重点关注和协同防控1。学校要关注每年近视度数增长超过50度或眼轴长度增长超过0.2毫米的学生，同时加强心理健康教育1，推进校家医协同防控机制的建立1。
The Ministry of Education, National Health Commission, and National Disease Control and Prevention Administration have jointly issued a notice on preventing high myopia among children and adolescents 1. High myopia is defined as myopic refractive error of 600 diopters or greater, or axial length of 26 millimeters or longer 1. This condition poses significant health risks, as it may develop into pathological myopia and lead to complications including retinal detachment, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts 1.
The notice establishes six preventive measures to address the issue 1. Schools are required to ensure adequate eye-use environments, increase outdoor activities, and strengthen daily eye care practices 1. Primary and secondary school students must engage in at least two hours of combined physical activity daily, with implementation of 15-minute classroom breaks 1. Health surveillance systems are to be strengthened through annual comprehensive physical examinations and biannual vision screenings for all students 1. Special attention should be given to students whose annual myopia progression exceeds 50 diopters or whose axial length increases by more than 0.2 millimeters 1.
The guidance emphasizes collaborative efforts among schools, families, and medical professionals in prevention efforts 1. Parents are advised to arrange comprehensive eye health follow-up examinations at medical facilities at least every six months 1. For students already diagnosed with high myopia, strenuous physical activity should be avoided, and appropriate protective eyewear is recommended 1. Schools are also directed to establish visual health records and strengthen psychological health education initiatives 1.
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