中国电动车企在泰国市场的扩张速度远超预期，引发当地产业链危机。中国电动车市占率在短短4年内从接近零增长至85%1，导致日本传统车企加速撤出，泰国汽车零部件供应商相继陷入困境。
比亚迪于2024年在泰国建成首家海外工厂，厂区面积相当于180个足球场1；长城汽车随后收购了曾属于美国通用汽车的泰国工厂1。与此同时，速霸陆和铃木分别在2024年和2025年关闭泰国工厂，日产和本田也相继减产1。这一产业转变威胁到依赖日本车企的泰国汽车零部件供应链，约70万名泰国工人的就业面临风险1。
泰国智库NESDC主席素帕武表示，"这一切发生得比我们预想的快得多，泰国受到的负面影响远比我们预想的严重"1。泰国政府已于9月推出分级税制试图遏制中国电动车扩张，对纯进口车辆征收最高税率，而对采购本土零组件比例高的车厂则给予最低税率1。然而，泰国法政大学教授卢提评估，如果电动车主导泰国车市，未来5年恐流失30万个工作岗位1。
此外，工会主席托索蓬指控中国电动车企拒绝成立工会，频繁签订短期合约后解雇工人且不支付遣散费1。比亚迪泰国工厂大量使用中国供应链，电池等关键零部件从中国进口1，而美国和欧洲贸易监管机构质疑该工厂是否为规避关税而设立的装配厂1。
Chinese automakers have rapidly transformed Thailand's automotive landscape, with their electric vehicle market share soaring from nearly zero to 85% in just four years.1 This dramatic expansion has triggered a cascade of consequences for the country's traditional auto industry and workforce.
BYD established its first overseas factory in Thailand in 2024, with a facility covering an area equivalent to 180 football fields.1 Meanwhile, Great Wall Motors acquired a former General Motors factory in the country.1 The influx of Chinese manufacturers has prompted major Japanese automakers to scale back operations: Subaru and Suzuki closed their Thai factories in 2024 and 2025 respectively, while Nissan and Honda reduced production.1 Thai automotive parts suppliers who historically depended on Japanese carmakers have subsequently filed for bankruptcy, imperiling an entire supply chain that employs approximately 700,000 workers.1
The Thai government responded in September by introducing a tiered tax system designed to curb Chinese electric vehicles, imposing the highest tax rates on imported vehicles while offering the lowest rates to manufacturers sourcing high proportions of domestic components.1 However, experts warn that the damage may be irreversible. Lutee, a professor at Thammasat University, estimates Thailand could lose 300,000 jobs within five years if electric vehicles come to dominate the market.1 Supavud, chairman of Thailand's National Economic and Social Development Council, stated that "everything happened much faster than we expected, and the negative impact on Thailand has been far more serious than we anticipated."1
Concerns about labor practices have also emerged. Union leader Tosaporn has accused Chinese electric vehicle companies of refusing to establish unions, frequently employing workers on short-term contracts and dismissing them without severance compensation.1 Additionally, American and European trade regulators have questioned whether BYD's Thai factory functions as an assembly operation designed to circumvent tariffs.1 A New York Times reporter discovered that BYD's Thailand facility relies heavily on Chinese supply chains, importing batteries directly from China.1
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