物理学家贾伊罗·西诺瓦、利博尔·什梅杰卡尔和托马斯·荣格韦特因发现隐藏超过一个世纪的第三种磁性形式——反磁性而荣获2026年欧物理奖1。这一基础发现挑战了100多年的既定物理学认识，为量子材料、自旋电子学和未来计算技术开辟了新的可能性1。
反磁性兼具反铁磁体的抵消磁矩和铁磁体的电子性质，支持高度偏极化电子自旋电流和极快的磁动力学1。研究团队基于对称性数学方法与自旋电子学的结合，在2022年识别出数百种可能表现反磁性的材料1。他们随后使用角分辨光电子能谱法和电输运测量等多种互补方法验证了这些预测1。
欧物理奖创立于1975年，颁奖典礼将于2026年9月在奥地利格拉茨举行的欧物理学会第32届大会期间举办1。西诺瓦现任美因茨大学教授，什梅杰卡尔和荣格韦特分别任职于捷克科学院物理研究所和马克斯普朗克复杂系统物理研究所1。
Physicists have identified a previously unknown form of magnetism that had remained hidden for over a century, fundamentally challenging established physics principles.1 Jairo Sinova, Libor Šmejkal, and Tomas Jungwirth have been awarded the 2026 Europhysics Prize for this groundbreaking discovery of altermagnetism, which combines the canceled magnetic moments characteristic of antiferromagnets with the electronic properties of ferromagnets.1 The newly identified magnetic state supports highly polarized electron spin currents and enables extremely rapid magnetic dynamics, opening new possibilities for quantum materials, spintronics, and future computing technologies.1
The researchers formulated a comprehensive symmetry-based classification in 2022 and identified hundreds of materials that could potentially exhibit altermagnetic behavior.1 Their theoretical framework, grounded in mathematical symmetry methods combined with spintronics principles, was subsequently validated through multiple complementary experimental approaches including ARPES and electrical transport measurements.1 Scientists from Mainz University, the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems collaborated on the research.1
The Europhysics Prize, established in 1975, recognizes outstanding achievements in condensed matter physics.1 The award ceremony will take place in September 2026 at the 32nd Conference of the European Physical Society in Graz, Austria.1
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