印度尼西亚正遭遇近十一年来最严重的林火灾害，泥炭地火灾产生的大量烟霾已波及东南亚多国。1 泥炭地火灾具有"深、久、重"三个特点——火烧进泥炭土层、持续时间长、释放PM2.5更多——这使其成为特别顽固的火源。1 印度尼西亚东加里曼丹省洛阿迦南地区自6月旱季开始，8月、9月达到火灾高峰，期间仅下三场雨，比往年同期少很多。1
跨境烟霾已对多个邻近国家造成严重影响。1 新加坡在9月下旬至10月上旬期间，多个区域的24小时PSI屡屡升至101以上，这种情况极为罕见。1 马来西亚教育部因空气质量恶化，于2026年10月8日宣布停课，柔佛、雪兰莪、森美兰和马六甲四州以及吉隆坡和布特拉加亚两个联邦直辖区随后宣布停课。1 菲律宾等其他东南亚国家也不同程度受到烟霾影响。1
《东盟跨境烟霾污染协议》于2002年6月在马来西亚吉隆坡签署，印度尼西亚在2015年成为最后一个正式缔约国。1 但该协议在执法和监督能力上仍有限。1 专家认为，泥炭地在农业开发后变干成为"顽固火源"，这一根本性问题需要更有力的区域合作机制加以解决。1
Indonesia is experiencing its worst forest fire disaster in over a decade, with extensive peatland fires generating massive volumes of smoke that have spread across multiple Southeast Asian nations 1. The fires in peatland areas are particularly severe due to their depth, prolonged duration, and exceptionally high PM2.5 emissions 1.
The regional impact has been severe and widespread. Singapore experienced air quality readings with a 24-hour Pollutant Standards Index exceeding 101 in multiple districts from late September through early October, marking an exceptionally rare occurrence for that time of year 1. Malaysia's Ministry of Education announced school closures on October 8, 2026, following deteriorating air conditions, with closures subsequently declared in the states of Johor, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Malacca, as well as in the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya 1. The Philippines and other neighboring countries have also been affected by the transboundary haze 1.
The crisis stems from particularly dry conditions in Indonesia's East Kalimantan Province. The Loagan region experienced drought beginning with the June dry season, with peak fire activity occurring in August and September—a period marked by significantly fewer rainfall events than historical averages 1. Despite the existence of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, signed in Kuala Lumpur in June 2002, experts note that enforcement and monitoring capabilities remain limited, with Indonesia only formally ratifying the agreement as the final member state in 2015 1.
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