巴西亚马逊雨林砍伐面积创历史新低，总统决选将决定森林前景

巴西亚马逊雨林的砍伐面积已跌至有记录以来的最低水平。1过去一年森林砍伐面积为3335平方公里，较前年下降41.8%，创1988年以来的记录新低。1这一减少量相当于里约热内卢市的面积。1

卢拉政府自2022年执政以来，大幅加强了对雨林的保护力度。1在其任期内，亚马逊森林砍伐率下降了71.2%。1然而，这一进展面临不确定性。110月25日举行的总统决选将成为关键转折点，对手弗拉维奥·博索纳罗主张放开资源开采，其政策立场与卢拉截然相反。1博索纳罗在2019年至2023年执政期间，亚马逊森林砍伐增加了59.5%。1

气候观测站执行秘书马西奥·阿斯特里尼表示："一切取决于选举结果。国家将决定是走向森林砍伐的终结，还是走向森林的终结。"1

Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has fallen to its lowest level on record, marking a significant environmental milestone as the nation prepares for a decisive presidential election. Deforestation covered 3,335 square kilometers over the past year, a 41.8 percent decline from the previous period and the lowest figure since records began in 19881. This reduction represents a decrease of 1,236 square kilometers compared to the previous record low, an area equivalent to the size of Rio de Janeiro1.

The dramatic reversal stems largely from strengthened enforcement measures implemented by President Luiz Inácio Lula's administration since taking office in 20221. Under Lula's government, Amazon deforestation rates have declined by 71.2 percent1. This stands in sharp contrast to the previous administration: during Jair Bolsonaro's presidency from 2019 to 2023, Amazon deforestation increased by 59.5 percent1. However, the sustainability of these gains remains uncertain, hinging on the outcome of the presidential runoff scheduled for October 25, 20251. Flavio Bolsonaro, the leading opposition candidate, advocates for expanded resource extraction, a position fundamentally opposed to Lula's environmental policies1.

The stakes of the election were underscored by climate observers, with Marcio Astrini, executive secretary of the Climate Observatory, stating: "Everything depends on the election result. The country will decide whether to move toward the end of deforestation or toward the end of the forest"1.