南极海冰在2026年9月14日达到年度冬季最大覆盖范围，面积约1759万平方公里，这是有卫星记录以来第三低的冬季最大值 1。这一数据反映出南极海冰近年来发生的显著变化——过去四十多年来，南极海冰范围呈现出截然不同的两个阶段。
从卫星观测记录开始的1978年11月至2014年间，南极海冰范围每十年增加约1% 1。然而这种长期增长趋势在2015年戛然而止 1。自2016年起，南极海冰范围开始出现大幅下降 1，其中2023年创下有卫星记录以来最低的夏季最小值和最低冬季最大值 1。卫星观测数据来自美国国家航空航天局的Nimbus-7航天器，自2025年起还引入了日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的GCOM-W卫星数据 1。科学家正在研究这一急剧逆转是否预示着南极冻结景观的长期转变。
Antarctica's sea ice extent reached its annual winter maximum on September 14, 2026, covering approximately 17.59 million square kilometers (6.79 million square miles), marking the third-lowest winter peak in the satellite record 1. This latest measurement reflects a dramatic shift in Antarctic sea ice patterns that has unfolded since 2015, when a decades-long growth trend abruptly reversed.
For decades preceding 2015, Antarctic sea ice demonstrated consistent expansion, increasing by roughly 1 percent per decade between 1979 and 2014 1. However, the trajectory reversed sharply beginning in 2016, with 2023 recording particularly extreme lows—both the lowest summer minimum and lowest winter maximum in the satellite era 1. Scientists are investigating whether this sudden transition signals a fundamental, long-term change in Antarctica's frozen landscape.
Satellite observations of Antarctic sea ice have been continuously collected since November 1978 using NASA's Nimbus-7 spacecraft 1. Beginning in 2025, data from Japan's Aerospace Exploration Agency GCOM-W satellite have been incorporated into the monitoring system 1.
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