NASA在飓风西蒙上空捕捉到罕见大气重力波

2026年10月11日，美国NASA卫星在飓风西蒙袭击墨西哥太平洋沿岸期间，捕捉到高空大气中的罕见重力波涟漪。1此时飓风西蒙当地时间下午2:30（世界时20:30）的风速达到每小时210公里（130英里），飓风中心距离曼萨尼约和普埃尔塔瓦尔塔等沿海城市约50公里。1NASA的VIIRS仪器搭载于NOAA-21卫星上，通过气辉现象在卫星影像中清晰呈现了这些大气波动。1

飓风内部强烈的对流和上升气流可扰动周围大气，产生向上传播至平流层和中间层的重力波。1月光照明极少的条件使得这些微弱的大气涟漪在卫星影像中更加清晰可见。1截至10月13日早晨，美国国家飓风中心对飓风路径和强度的预报信心仍为"非常低"。1

NASA satellites detected unusual gravity wave ripples high above Hurricane Simon as the storm battered Mexico's Pacific coast on October 11, 2026 1. The VIIRS instrument aboard the NOAA-21 satellite captured these atmospheric disturbances, which originated from intense convection within the hurricane and propagated upward into the stratosphere and mesosphere, becoming visible through airglow phenomena 1. At 2:30 p.m. local time (20:30 UTC) on October 11, Hurricane Simon maintained maximum sustained winds of 210 kilometers per hour (130 miles per hour), with its center located approximately 50 kilometers from the coastal cities of Manzanillo and Puerto Vallarta 1.

The gravity waves observed represent a direct manifestation of the hurricane's powerful influence on Earth's upper atmosphere 1. Strong updrafts within the storm disturb surrounding air masses, generating waves that propagate upward across atmospheric layers 1. Conditions of minimal moonlight illumination enhanced the visibility of these otherwise faint atmospheric ripples in satellite imagery 1. As of the morning of October 13, the U.S. National Hurricane Center expressed "very low" confidence in its forecasts regarding the hurricane's track and intensity 1.