英国对欧盟食品饮料出口脱欧后暴跌三分之一

英国国家农业工会对英国皇家税务海关总署数据的分析显示，脱欧以来英国对欧盟的食品饮料出口下降超过三分之一1。其中，糖类出口跌幅最大，下降70%，家禽出口下跌53%，鸡蛋及蛋制品下跌65%-74%1。欧盟占英国农产品出口的68%，使其成为英国最大的农产品贸易伙伴1。

英国国家农业工会主席Tom Bradshaw表示："欧盟是我们最大的农产品贸易伙伴，占去年农产品出口的68%，但贸易量自2019年以来下降了三分之一以上"1。具体而言，苏格兰种子马铃薯出口在脱欧前每年约20,000吨，价值近1100万英镑，而苏格兰鲑鱼在边境面临100%文件检查率，导致约1亿英镑出口损失1。议会议员Andy Burnham指出，"脱欧贸易壁垒意味着整车植物或新鲜产品可能因为一个缺失的印章或轻微的文书延误而被摧毁"1。

为缓解贸易困境，英国政府正与欧盟谈判重置协议。卫生和植物检疫协议在5月基本达成，拟通过取消部分卫生和植物检疫检查来缓解贸易障碍，相关变化预期在2025年夏季实施1。经济学家估计脱欧对英国经济的成本高达240亿英镑1。

British food and drink exports to the European Union have declined by more than one-third since the country's departure from the bloc, according to analysis by the National Farmers' Union of data from the UK Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs 1. The figures reveal particularly steep falls across specific categories: sugar exports have dropped by 70%, poultry by 53%, and eggs and egg products by between 65% and 74% 1. The EU accounted for 68% of British agricultural product exports in the most recent period measured 1.

The trade collapse has extended beyond broad categories to specific regional exports. Scottish seed potato exports, which averaged approximately 20,000 tonnes annually prior to Brexit with a value near £11 million, have been significantly affected 1. Scottish salmon exports have been hit even harder, facing a 100% document inspection rate at the border, resulting in export losses estimated at around £100 million 1. National Farmers' Union President Tom Bradshaw stated that while the EU remains "our largest agricultural trade partner, accounting for 68% of last year's agricultural exports, trading volumes have fallen by more than one-third since 2019" 1.

The British government is negotiating with the EU to implement a reset agreement aimed at easing trade barriers, with plans to eliminate certain sanitary and phytosanitary checks 1. A sanitary and phytosanitary accord was substantially reached in May, with changes expected to take effect in the summer of 2025 1. Economists have estimated the broader economic cost of Brexit to the UK at £24 billion 1.