中国商务部与科技部于16日公告，拟修订技术出口禁限目录，新增人工智能、生物医药、太阳能光电三个领域共40项技术的出口管制1。商务部指出，这些技术可能涉及国防军工、关键基础设施等敏感领域，需要及时监管1。修订方案自即日起至11月15日向社会公开征求意见，同步对相关技术实施出口前登记管理1。
在具体的管制技术方面，人工智能领域纳入23项技术，涵盖大模型、智慧体、算力集群及信息处理相关内容1；生物医药领域新增5项技术，包括细胞和基因治疗、小核酸药、病原微生物相关技术1；太阳能光电领域则增加12项技术，包括多晶硅制造、硅片制造、电池制造相关工艺1。商务部强调，人工智能技术可被用于攻击国家关键信息基础设施、国防军工、核心政务等敏感系统1。
为平衡管制与发展，该目录规定对已通过开源、发表学术论文等方式进入公共领域的技术，不纳入管理范围1。此外，生物医药领域对不涉及所有权转让的对外授权模式，适用自动许可等便利措施1。
China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology announced plans on November 16 to revise the technology export prohibition and restriction list, adding 40 technologies across three sectors—artificial intelligence, biopharmaceuticals, and solar photovoltaics—to the controlled categories.1 The public comment period runs from the announcement date through November 15, during which the government will simultaneously implement pre-export registration requirements for the affected technologies.1
The proposed restrictions target technologies that may be applied to sensitive domains including national defense, military industry, and critical infrastructure.1 The AI category encompasses 23 technologies related to large language models, intelligent systems, computing clusters, and information processing.1 The biopharmaceutical sector includes 5 technologies involving cell and gene therapy, small nucleic acid drugs, and pathogenic microorganisms.1 The solar photovoltaic field covers 12 technologies spanning polysilicon manufacturing, silicon wafer production, and battery fabrication.1
The Ministry of Commerce emphasized that AI technologies could potentially be weaponized to attack national critical information infrastructure, defense systems, and core government operations.1 However, technologies already in the public domain through open-source release or academic publication will not be subject to these controls.1 Additionally, biopharmaceutical technologies used in authorization arrangements that do not involve ownership transfer will be eligible for streamlined licensing procedures.1
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