中国社会科学院考古研究所所长施劲松在第五届中国考古学大会上阐述了考古学研究的两条核心路径。1 他指出，世界各地古代文明呈现出共性与差异相互交织的特点。1 文明共性源于人类面临的相同基本需求以及文明间的联系交流，而差异则缘于不同的自然环境和采取的具体策略。1
施劲松强调，文明探源和文明互鉴这两条研究路径指向同一目标，即揭示文明发展脉络和人类社会发展走向。1 据其介绍，至迟从五六千年前开始，亚欧大陆就存在活跃的文化交流。1 中华文明呈现出独特的发展特征：距今5000多年前尚未出现文字和金属器即已形成，形成了多元一体的格局，并实现了5000多年不断的发展延续。1
本次大会召开于2026年10月15日至17日，地点位于山西运城。1 施劲松同时担任中国考古学会副理事长。1
Shi Jingsong, director of the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, presented an analysis of two research pathways in archaeology—civilizational origin tracing and civilizational mutual learning—at the Fifth Chinese Archaeology Conference held in Yuncheng, Shanxi from October 15 to 17, 2026 1. He emphasized that ancient civilizations across the globe exhibit a landscape where commonalities and differences interweave with one another 1.
According to Shi's framework, shared characteristics among civilizations stem from universal human needs and cultural exchange between societies, while variations arise from distinct natural environments and differing strategic approaches 1. The scholar stressed that both research pathways converge toward a single objective: revealing the developmental trajectory of civilization and the direction of human social progress 1. Shi noted that cultural exchange has been active across the Eurasian continent since at least five to six thousand years ago 1.
Highlighting Chinese civilization specifically, Shi pointed to its distinctive features, including the formation of a unified cultural framework more than 5,000 years ago prior to the emergence of written language and metal tools 1. He characterized Chinese civilization as exhibiting a "multi-origin unified" pattern and emphasized its continuous development spanning over 5,000 years 1.
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