全球孕产妇死亡率25年间大幅下降

根据世界卫生组织、联合国儿童基金会、联合国人口基金、世界银行集团和联合国人口司联合发布的报告，全球孕产妇死亡数量自1990年以来显著下降1。孕产妇死亡总数从约532000例降至303000例，降幅达44%1。孕产妇死亡比例从每10万活产385人下降至216人1。尽管取得显著进展，联合国秘书长于2015年9月启动的《妇女、儿童和青少年全球战略》呼吁进一步加快改善步伐，目标是在2030年前将全球孕产妇死亡比例降至每10万活产少于70人1。

各地区进展不均衡。撒哈拉以南非洲地区仍占全球孕产妇死亡的三分之二（66%），但该地区的孕产妇死亡比例从1990年的每10万活产987人降至2015年的546人，下降幅度达45%1。东亚地区表现最为突出，孕产妇死亡比例从约每10万活产95人降至27人，降幅达72%1。仅有9个国家实现了千年发展目标5的要求，即孕产妇死亡比例减少至少75%，这些国家包括不丹、佛得角、柬埔寨、伊朗、老挝、马尔代夫、蒙古、卢旺达和东帝汶1。要实现2030年目标，全球需要将年度改进速度从1990至2015年间的2.3%提高至7.5%1。

The World Health Organization, UNICEF, the UN Population Fund, the World Bank Group, and the UN Population Division have released findings showing a significant reduction in global maternal mortality 1. Between 1990 and 2015, the number of maternal deaths fell from approximately 532,000 to 303,000—a 44% decrease 1. The maternal mortality ratio declined correspondingly from 385 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 216 per 100,000 live births in 2015 1.

Despite this progress, the agencies emphasized that accelerated efforts remain essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, which call for reducing the global maternal mortality ratio to fewer than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births 1. Only nine countries—Bhutan, Cape Verde, Cambodia, Iran, Laos, Maldives, Mongolia, Rwanda, and Timor-Leste—have met the Millennium Development Goal 5, which required a 75% reduction in maternal deaths 1. To meet the 2030 target, the annual rate of improvement must increase from 2.3% achieved between 1990 and 2015 to 7.5% 1.

Regional disparities remain pronounced. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for approximately two-thirds of global maternal deaths, though the region achieved a 45% reduction in its maternal mortality ratio, from 987 to 546 deaths per 100,000 live births over the same period 1. East Asia demonstrated the steepest decline, with the maternal mortality ratio falling 72%, from approximately 95 to 27 deaths per 100,000 live births 1. In September 2015, the UN Secretary-General launched the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, aimed at accelerating progress toward the 2030 maternal mortality target 1.