世界卫生组织发布第七份全球烟草流行病报告

世界卫生组织发布了第七份全球烟草流行病报告，揭示全球烟草控制工作的进展与不足1。报告显示，目前有50亿人生活在实施烟草控制措施的国家，较十年前增加了四倍1。然而，许多国家在帮助民众戒烟方面的投入仍然不足1。全球约有11亿吸烟者，其中约80%生活在低收入和中等收入国家1。

在戒烟服务方面，24亿人生活在提供全面戒烟服务的国家，较2007年增加了20亿人1。尽管取得进展，但仅有23个国家在戒烟服务领域达到最佳实践水平1。在MPOWER措施的实施上，36个国家在一项或多项措施上达到最高成就水平，但59个国家尚未采取任何最高水平的措施1。值得注意的是，巴西成为继土耳其后第二个完全实施所有MPOWER措施的国家1。

烟草控制政策的覆盖范围也在扩大1。3.9亿人受益于带有大型图形警告的烟草包装1，烟草税收政策的人口覆盖率从2016年的8%增至2018年的14%1。在34个低收入国家中，有17个国家至少实施一项最佳实践烟草控制政策1。

The World Health Organization has published its seventh report on the global tobacco epidemic, revealing significant progress in tobacco control while identifying substantial gaps in smoking cessation support.1 The report shows that 5 billion people now live in countries implementing tobacco control measures, a fourfold increase compared to a decade ago.1

Despite this expansion of regulatory frameworks, cessation services remain unevenly distributed.1 Approximately 2.4 billion people reside in countries offering comprehensive quit-smoking services, representing a 2 billion-person increase since 2007.1 However, only 23 countries have achieved best-practice standards in smoking cessation support.1 Globally, around 1.1 billion smokers exist, with approximately 80 percent living in low and middle-income countries.1 Among 34 low-income nations, just 17 have implemented at least one best-practice tobacco control policy.1

The report highlights both achievements and persistent shortcomings in the implementation of MPOWER measures—WHO's evidence-based policy package.1 To date, 36 countries have reached the highest achievement level in one or more MPOWER measures, while 59 countries have not yet adopted any highest-level MPOWER measure.1 Brazil has become the second country, after Turkey, to fully implement all MPOWER measures.1 In packaging regulation, 3.9 billion people now benefit from tobacco products carrying large graphic warnings.1 Tobacco taxation policies have also expanded, with population coverage rising from 8 percent in 2016 to 14 percent in 2018.1