172个国家参与COVAX倡议 推进新冠疫苗全球公平获取

172个经济体正在参与COVAX倡议的讨论，这是一项旨在确保全球所有国家公平获取新冠疫苗的国际举措1。其中，80个有能力自筹资金的国家已提交意向书，92个低收入和中等收入国家符合COVAX预先市场承诺(AMC)支持资格1。这172个国家的人口代表全球70%以上，其中包括超过一半的G20经济体1。

COVAX拥有世界上最大、最多样化的新冠疫苗候选库，其中9种获得CEPI支持的候选疫苗正在进行中，另有9种正在评估1。为推动疫苗研发，该倡议已承诺14亿美元，但仍需紧急增加10亿美元1。根据安排，国家意向确认的最后期限为2020年8月31日，具有约束力承诺的最后期限为2020年9月18日1。

在疫苗供应方面，Serum Institute of India与Gavi疫苗联盟和比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会达成合作协议，承诺提供阿斯利康或Novavax候选疫苗最高1亿剂，每剂定价3美元1。COVAX AMC已筹集超过6亿美元资金，初期目标为20亿美元1。该倡议计划在2021年底前交付20亿剂安全有效的疫苗1。

The COVAX facility has mobilized 172 countries and economies in a coordinated effort to guarantee fair distribution of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide 1. This global initiative represents more than 70 percent of the world's population, including over half of the G20 economies 1.

The facility has assembled the world's largest and most diverse portfolio of vaccine candidates, comprising nine candidates backed by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and nine additional candidates under evaluation 1. Among the participating nations, 80 countries with sufficient financial capacity have submitted letters of intent, while 92 low- and middle-income countries qualify for support through COVAX's Advance Market Commitment (AMC) program 1. To date, the AMC has raised over 600 million dollars toward an initial target of 2 billion dollars 1, though an additional 1 billion dollars in urgent funding has been identified as necessary to support vaccine research and development 1.

Key deadlines have been established for participant commitments, with countries required to express their intent by August 31, 2020, and to make binding commitments by September 18, 2020 1. A significant procurement agreement among Serum Institute of India, Gavi, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has secured a supply of up to 100 million doses of either the AstraZeneca or Novavax vaccine candidates at three dollars per dose 1. COVAX aims to deliver 2 billion doses of safe and effective vaccines by the end of 2021 1.