世界卫生组织发布《2014年全球非传染性疾病现状报告》，公布了令人震惊的疾病负担数据。1每年有1600万人因心脏病、肺病、中风、癌症和糖尿病等非传染性疾病在70岁前过早死亡。12012年全球共有3800万人死于非传染性疾病，其中42%（即1600万人）属于过早死亡。1低收入和中等收入国家承受了最沉重的疾病负担，占全球非传染性疾病死亡总数的73%，过早死亡总数的82%。1
WHO总干事陈冯富珍指出，各国通过人均每年投入1-3美元实施具有成本效益的干预措施，可以显著减少疾病和死亡。1报告建议各国在2015年设定国家目标，到2025年将过早死亡风险降低25%。1截至2013年12月，仅有70个国家制定了符合全球行动计划的国家非传染性疾病计划。1WHO推荐的"最佳购买"干预措施包括禁止所有形式烟草广告、用多不饱和脂肪替代反式脂肪、限制或禁止酒精广告等。1
报告指出，大多数过早死亡原本是可以预防的。1土耳其和匈牙利的案例表明这些措施的效果显著——土耳其通过将烟草税提高至零售价的80%，在2008至2012年间实现吸烟率下降13.4%；1匈牙利对高糖、高盐食品征税后，一年内有40%的制造商改变产品配方，销售额下降27%。1若不采取行动，低收入和中等收入国家在2011至2025年间因非传染性疾病将面临累计7万亿美元的经济损失。1
The World Health Organization released its 2014 Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases, revealing that 16 million people die prematurely—before age 70—annually from conditions including heart disease, lung disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes 1. The report found that in 2012, noncommunicable diseases were responsible for 38 million deaths globally, with 16 million, or 42 percent, occurring prematurely 1. Low-income and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate burden, accounting for 73 percent of all noncommunicable disease deaths and 82 percent of premature deaths 1.
WHO Director-General Margaret Chan emphasized that countries can significantly reduce disease and mortality by investing one to three dollars per capita annually in cost-effective interventions 1. The organization urged nations to establish national targets by 2015 and adopt evidence-based strategies to reduce the risk of premature death from noncommunicable diseases by 25 percent by 2025 1. The report notes that most premature deaths are preventable, yet as of December 2013, only 70 countries had developed national noncommunicable disease plans aligned with the global action plan 1.
WHO recommended "best buys" for disease prevention including comprehensive restrictions on tobacco advertising, replacing trans fats with polyunsaturated fats, and limiting or banning alcohol marketing 1. Examples of successful policy implementation demonstrate measurable results: Turkey's tobacco tax, comprising 80 percent of the retail price, led to a 13.4 percent decline in smoking rates between 2008 and 2012, while Hungary's tax on high-sugar and high-salt foods prompted 40 percent of manufacturers to reformulate products and reduced sales by 27 percent within one year 1. Low-income and middle-income countries face cumulative economic losses estimated at 7 trillion dollars from noncommunicable diseases between 2011 and 2025 1.
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