世界卫生组织发布29项手术感染防控建议

世界卫生组织发布了《全球手术部位感染预防指南》，提出29项具体预防措施，旨在减少手术患者感染风险、降低医疗成本并遏制超级细菌传播1。该指南由全球20位专家基于26项证据审查精炼而成，其中包括13项手术前建议和16项手术中及手术后建议1。

手术部位感染是全球卫生威胁。低中收入国家手术患者中有11%在术中发生感染1，非洲地区剖腹产患者的伤口感染率高达20%1。在美国，手术感染每年导致患者额外住院40万天，医疗成本达9亿美元1。根据非洲4个国家的试点研究，按照新指南执行可使手术部位感染率降低39%1。

指南强调了几项关键措施：患者在手术前应洗澡但不应剃毛，抗生素应仅用于手术前和手术中的预防，不应在术后使用1。世界卫生组织卫生系统与创新助理总干事Marie-Paule Kieny表示，"没有人应该在寻求或接受治疗时生病"1。该组织服务提供与安全部主任Ed Kelley指出，"通过应用这些新指南，手术团队可以减少伤害、改善生活质量"1。

The World Health Organization has issued a comprehensive global guideline for preventing surgical site infections, featuring 29 specific recommendations developed by 20 international experts through review of 26 evidence studies 1. The directive addresses critical gaps in surgical safety, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where approximately 11% of surgical patients develop infections during procedures 1. In Africa, the challenge is even more acute, with wound infection rates reaching 20% among cesarean section patients 1.

The guidelines distinguish between preventive measures taken before surgery, during, and after the operation, with 13 recommendations for the preoperative phase and 16 for intraoperative and postoperative care 1. Key guidance includes requiring patients to bathe before surgery while advising against hair removal, and restricting antibiotic use strictly to the preoperative and intraoperative periods rather than continuing treatment after the procedure 1. In the United States alone, surgical site infections result in an additional 400,000 hospital days annually and cost approximately $900 million per year 1.

Pilot studies conducted in four African countries demonstrated the practical impact of these measures, showing a 39% reduction in surgical site infections when guidelines were implemented 1. According to Dr. Marie-Paule Kieny, WHO Assistant Director-General for Health Systems and Innovation, "No one should become ill when seeking or receiving care" 1. Dr. Ed Kelley, Director of the Service Delivery and Safety Department at WHO, added that "by applying these new guidelines, surgical teams can reduce harm and improve patients' quality of life" 1. The recommendations aim to save lives, reduce costs, and curb the spread of antibiotic-resistant superbugs globally 1.