世界卫生组织警告：COVID-19疫情严重冲击全球HIV药物供应

世界卫生组织发布报告指出，COVID-19疫情对全球抗逆转录病毒（ARV）药物供应造成严重威胁。173个国家面临HIV药物短缺风险，其中24个国家已报告药物库存严重不足或供应中断。1这24个国家约有830万人依赖ARV治疗，占全球HIV治疗人口的33%。1

WHO与联合国艾滋病规划署（UNAIDS）的模型预测，若ARV供应中断长达6个月，撒哈拉以南非洲地区2020年艾滋病相关死亡人数可能翻倍。1报告同时指出全球艾滋病防治进展已陷入停滞，过去两年年均新增HIV感染数维持在170万人，死亡人数仅从2018年的73万降至2019年的69万。12019年约有2500万需要ARV治疗的患者获得了治疗，但全球在2020年设定的目标将无法实现。1

为应对危机，129个国家已采纳WHO的"多月给药"政策，允许医生为患者一次开具长达6个月的HIV药物。1在儿童治疗方面，美国FDA批准了新的5mg多路特韦（DTG）儿童制剂，适用于4周以上、体重超3公斤的婴幼儿。1WHO预计将在2021年初推出多路特韦仿制药儿童版本。12019年全球儿童HIV相关死亡约95000例，新增感染15万例，但仅有53%需要治疗的儿童获得了ARV治疗。1

The World Health Organization has reported that the COVID-19 pandemic is creating critical disruptions to global HIV antiretroviral (ARV) drug supplies, with 73 countries at risk of medication shortages.1 Among these nations, 24 have already experienced severe inventory depletion or supply interruptions.1 In 2019, approximately 8.3 million people in these 24 countries depended on ARV treatment, representing 33 percent of the global HIV treatment population.1

The consequences of prolonged supply disruption could be catastrophic. According to models developed by WHO and UNAIDS, a six-month interruption in ARV supplies could double AIDS-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020.1 Meanwhile, the global AIDS response has stalled, with annual new HIV infections remaining flat at 1.7 million over the past two years and AIDS-related deaths declining only marginally from 730,000 in 2018 to 690,000 in 2019.1 Approximately 25 million people requiring ARV treatment received it in 2019, though global targets for 2020 will not be met.1

To mitigate supply disruptions, 129 countries have adopted WHO's multi-month dispensing policy, enabling physicians to prescribe up to six months of HIV medication at a time.1 Additionally, progress has been made in pediatric treatment options: the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a new 5 mg dolutegravir (DTG) formulation for infants aged four weeks and older weighing more than 3 kilograms, with WHO expecting a generic pediatric version to launch in early 2021.1 However, the pediatric situation remains dire, with approximately 95,000 AIDS-related deaths and 150,000 new infections among children in 2019, with only 53 percent of children requiring treatment accessing ARV therapy.1