世界卫生组织在2015年4月20-24日召开的第20届专家委员会会议上发布了新版基本药物清单，向全球患者扩大了获得救命药物的途径。1此次更新针对三类重大疾病，新纳入了一系列突破性治疗方案，旨在改善特别是低收入国家患者的用药可及性。1
丙肝是此次更新的重点之一。1该疾病影响全球约1.5亿人，每年导致约50万人死亡。1新版清单新增5种丙肝直接作用口服抗病毒药物，包括索非布韦和达卡他韦。1WHO卫生系统和创新助理总干事玛丽-保罗·基尼指出："丙肝治疗快速发展，但没有全球统一策略使这些药物更便宜，公共卫生收益将大大减少。"1
在癌症防治方面，新版清单审查了52种癌症治疗产品，确认30种，新增16种药物。1这一举措意义重大，因为2012年全球新增约1400万癌症病例，造成820万人死亡，且未来20年新病例预计增加70%。1
耐多药结核病患者同样获得了新的治疗选择。1清单新增5种TB药物，其中4种针对耐多药TB，包括贝达喹啉和德拉曼。1这对全球结核病防控具有重要意义，因为2013年全球900万人患TB，150万人死亡，其中超95%的死亡发生在低中收入国家。1WHO总干事玛格丽特·陈表示："当新的有效药物出现来安全治疗严重和广泛传播的疾病时，确保每个需要的人都能获得它们至关重要。"1
The World Health Organization has released an updated Model List of Essential Medicines that incorporates breakthrough therapeutic options for hepatitis C, multiple cancers, and drug-resistant tuberculosis.1 The revision, approved at the 20th Expert Committee meeting held from April 20–24, 2015, aims to expand global access to innovative medicines that currently remain priced beyond the reach of patients in low-income countries.1
Hepatitis C affects approximately 150 million people worldwide and causes around 500,000 deaths annually.1 The updated list adds five direct-acting oral antiviral medicines for hepatitis C treatment, including sofosbuvir and daclatasvir.1 For cancer, the Expert Committee reviewed 52 therapeutic products, confirming 30 and adding 16 new medicines to the list.1 This expansion is particularly urgent given that 14 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths occurred globally in 2012, with projections showing a 70 percent increase in new cases over the next two decades.1
The tuberculosis update addresses a major global health burden: in 2013, tuberculosis affected 9 million people worldwide with 1.5 million deaths, over 95 percent of which occurred in low- and middle-income countries.1 The revised list adds five new TB medicines, including four specifically targeting drug-resistant tuberculosis—bedaquiline and delamanid among them.1 WHO Director-General Margaret Chan emphasized the importance of ensuring access, stating that "when new effective medicines emerge to safely treat serious and widely prevalent diseases, it is critical that every person who needs them can access them."1 Marie-Paule Kieny, WHO Assistant Director-General for Health Systems and Innovation, underscored the urgency of coordinated action, noting that "hepatitis C treatment is advancing rapidly, but without a global strategy to make these medicines more affordable, the public health benefit will be greatly reduced."1
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