麻疹疫苗接种自2000年来拯救1710万人生命

世界卫生组织发布的数据显示，自2000年以来麻疹疫苗接种已拯救约1710万人生命，全球麻疹相关死亡率大幅下降。1 在这一时期，麻疹死亡人数从2000年初的54.68万人降至2014年的11.49万人，降幅达79%。1 然而，全球麻疹疫苗接种覆盖进展面临停滞，仍有超过10万名儿童因麻疹不必要地死亡。1

全球第一剂麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率从2000年的72%提升至2010年的85%，但其后四年保持不变。1 截至报告时，仅有122个国家达到第一剂疫苗接种率不低于90%的目标，而全球仅一半儿童接受了推荐的第二剂疫苗。1 与世界卫生大会2010年设定的2015年里程碑目标相比，全球距离第一剂接种覆盖率≥90%的要求存在差距。1

为扩大疫苗覆盖，2014年开展的大规模接种活动覆盖了约2.21亿儿童，其中孟加拉国5360万人、巴基斯坦2500万人、越南1510万人、刚果民主共和国1850万人、坦桑尼亚2050万人、也门1130万人。1 这些努力取得了显著成效，撒哈拉以南非洲地区麻疹病例从2013年的17.1万例下降到2014年的7.4万例以下。1

Measles vaccination has prevented approximately 17.1 million deaths globally since 2000, according to data released by the World Health Organization 1. This achievement reflects a 79 percent decline in measles-related mortality, with deaths falling from approximately 546,800 in the early 2000s to 114,900 by 2014 1.

Despite this progress, global measles vaccination coverage has stalled over the past four years, creating significant gaps in immunization efforts 1. The first-dose vaccination coverage rate rose from 72 percent in 2000 to 85 percent by 2010, but remained flat for the subsequent four years 1. Only 122 countries, representing 63 percent of nations, have achieved the target of at least 90 percent coverage for the first dose, and globally only half of children have received the recommended second dose of vaccine 1.

The World Health Assembly established 2015 milestone targets in 2010, aiming for first-dose measles vaccination coverage of at least 90 percent and an annual measles incidence rate below 5 per million 1. Large-scale vaccination campaigns in 2014 reached approximately 221 million children, including 53.6 million in Bangladesh, 25 million in Pakistan, 20.5 million in Tanzania, 18.5 million in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 15.1 million in Vietnam, and 11.3 million in Yemen 1. These efforts contributed to a notable decline in cases in sub-Saharan Africa, where measles cases dropped from 171,000 in 2013 to below 74,000 by 2014 1. Nevertheless, more than 100,000 children continue to die unnecessarily from measles annually due to insufficient vaccination coverage 1.