世界卫生组织在2020年世界肝炎日发布数据，显示全球乙肝防控取得显著进展1。5岁以下儿童慢性乙肝感染率已从疫苗推出前的5%下降至2019年的1%以下1，这标志着实现可持续发展目标的重要里程碑。全球3剂乙肝疫苗覆盖率从2000年的30%上升至2019年的85%1。然而，出生后24小时内注射首剂疫苗的覆盖率仍为43%，其中世卫组织东地中海地区仅为34%，非洲地区更低至6%1。
为进一步加快消除乙肝，世卫组织发布新建议，高乙肝病毒载量的孕妇应从妊娠第28周开始接受替诺福韦抗病毒治疗1。该药物在许多国家的成本低于每月3美元1。这一措施旨在预防母婴传播。全球仍有超过2.5亿人患有慢性乙肝感染，乙肝每年夺走近90万人生命1。婴幼儿尤为脆弱，90%在第一年感染乙肝的儿童会成为慢性乙肝携带者，而乙肝疫苗对感染的保护效率超过95%1。
世卫组织警告，COVID-19疫情可能威胁既有防控进展1。在最坏情景下，如果2020年出生剂和儿童期免疫接种分别中断60%和20%一年，2020-2030年间将出现530万额外慢性乙肝感染儿童和100万额外相关死亡1。
The World Health Organization has announced significant progress in reducing chronic hepatitis B infection among young children, with rates dropping to below 1% among those under five years old as of 2019, compared to 5% before vaccine introduction.1 This milestone represents substantial advancement toward sustainable development goals. Global coverage of the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine has increased from 30% in 2000 to 85% by 2019, while vaccination within 24 hours of birth has reached 43% globally, though disparities remain with only 34% coverage in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and 6% in Africa.1
On World Hepatitis Day 2020, WHO emphasized the urgency of strengthening measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B, particularly through maternal testing and antiviral prophylaxis.1 The organization issued new guidance recommending that pregnant women with high hepatitis B viral loads begin tenofovir antiviral therapy from the 28th week of gestation, noting that this medication costs less than three dollars per month in many countries.1 These interventions are critical given that approximately 90% of children infected with hepatitis B in their first year become chronic carriers, and the virus currently affects over 250 million people globally, claiming nearly 900,000 lives annually.1 The hepatitis B vaccine itself demonstrates protection efficacy exceeding 95%.1 WHO cautioned that disruptions to immunization programs during the COVID-19 pandemic could severely undermine these gains, with a worst-case scenario projecting an additional 5.3 million chronic hepatitis B infections and 1 million additional deaths among children by 2030 if birth-dose and childhood vaccination rates declined by 60% and 20% respectively for one year.1
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