世界卫生组织更新埃博拉病毒防护装备指南

世界卫生组织发布了更新的个人防护装备（PPE）指南，为埃博拉病毒防控中保护医疗工作者和患者的安全提供规范指导。1该指南由包括美国疾病控制与预防中心、无国界医生组织等国际专家组参与开发，强调防护装备需与其他感染控制措施相结合才能有效发挥作用，这些措施包括屏障护理、水卫生、手部卫生和废物管理。1

指南特别强调了保护口腔、鼻腔和眼睛黏膜免受污染飞沫和体液侵害的重要性。1根据指南，个人防护装备最有效的应用需要强制性培训，包括穿戴、脱卸和PPE除污的方法，以及所有使用者在进行任何临床护理前的指导。1指南遵循世界卫生组织加速发展流程，符合科学严谨性标准，补充了2014年8月发布的感染预防和控制指南。1由于没有证据表明任何一种推荐的PPE选项优于其他选项，指南因此提供了多种防护装备选择。1

The World Health Organization has released updated guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers responding to Ebola virus disease, establishing standardized and clear protective options to ensure the safety of both medical personnel and patients.1 The guidelines were developed collaboratively with international expert groups including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Médecins Sans Frontières, and emphasize that PPE must be combined with other infection control measures such as barrier care, water and sanitation practices, hand hygiene, and waste management to be fully effective.1

The guidance stresses the critical importance of protecting the oral cavity, nasal passages, and eye mucous membranes from contaminated droplets and body fluids.1 According to the WHO development group, "the most effective application of PPE requires mandatory training that includes donning, doffing, and decontamination of PPE, along with instruction for all users prior to any clinical care."1 The guidelines were developed through WHO's accelerated development process while maintaining scientific rigor standards, and they complement the interim infection prevention and control guidance released in August 2014.1 The WHO found no evidence that any single recommended PPE option is superior to others, and therefore provides multiple PPE choices for responders to select based on their operational contexts.1