世界卫生组织、联合国儿基金会及国际婴幼儿食品行动网络联合发布报告指出，全球各国在遏制母乳代用品有害营销方面成效不足1。在194个国家中，仅136个制定了与《国际母乳代用品营销守则》相关的法律措施，且现有法律框架存在明显漏洞，导致父母继续面临误导信息1。
报告揭示了执法的严重不足：仅79个国家禁止在卫生机构中推广母乳代用品，51个国家禁止在医疗系统内免费或低价分发婴幼儿配方奶粉，仅19个国家禁止配方奶粉制造商赞助科学和卫生专业协会会议1。大多数国家的法律限制未能充分覆盖卫生机构内的营销行为1。虽然44个国家在过去两年加强了营销管制，但全球范围内的进展仍显滞后1。
纯母乳喂养的重要性不容忽视1。世卫组织和儿基金会建议婴儿前6个月仅进行母乳喂养，之后继续至2岁或更长时间1。目前仅41%的0至6个月婴儿得到纯母乳喂养，世卫组织承诺到2025年提高这一比例至少50%1。数据显示，纯母乳喂养的婴儿死亡率比非母乳喂养婴儿低14倍1。
The World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the International Baby Food Action Network have released a joint report revealing that nations are insufficiently preventing misleading marketing of infant formula, leaving parents exposed to deceptive information 1. Of 194 countries examined, only 136 have enacted legislation aligned with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes 1. While 44 countries have strengthened marketing controls over the past two years, enforcement gaps remain widespread 1. Only 79 countries prohibit the promotion of breast-milk substitutes within health facilities, and merely 51 restrict the free or low-cost distribution of infant formula within medical systems 1. Additionally, just 19 countries have banned formula manufacturers from sponsoring scientific and health professional association conferences 1.
The health implications are substantial. Currently, only 41 percent of infants aged 0 to 6 months receive exclusive breastfeeding, prompting WHO to commit to raising this rate to at least 50 percent by 2025 1. Exclusively breastfed infants have a death rate 14 times lower than non-breastfed infants 1. WHO and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, with continued breastfeeding until age two or beyond 1. The agencies note that despite COVID-19 concerns, no active virus has been detected in breast milk from confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients 1.
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