世界卫生组织发布一项多国调查结果，显示全球公众对抗生素耐药性的理解存在广泛误解1。该调查覆盖巴巴多斯、中国、埃及、印度、印度尼西亚、墨西哥、尼日利亚、俄罗斯、塞尔维亚、南非、苏丹和越南12个国家，共有9772名受访者参与1。调查于2015年9月14日至10月16日期间进行1。
调查发现了多个令人担忧的认知偏差。64%的受访者错误地认为抗生素可以用于治疗感冒和流感1；32%的受访者认为症状缓解后应该停止服用抗生素1；76%的受访者错误地认为抗生素耐药性发生在人体而非细菌中1。另一方面，64%的受访者相信医学专家会在问题变得严重前解决这一危机1，73%的受访者认为农民应当减少给食用动物使用抗生素1。
为应对这些认知误区，世卫组织在2015年11月16-22日首个世界抗生素认识周期间启动了全球宣传活动"Antibiotics: Handle with care"1。世卫组织主任陈冯富珍表示："抗生素耐药性上升是全球卫生危机"1，强调了改善公众理解和改变抗生素使用方式的必要性。
The World Health Organization has released findings from a comprehensive survey demonstrating significant gaps in global public understanding of antibiotic resistance. Conducted between September 14 and October 16, 2015, the survey encompassed 9,772 respondents across 12 countries—Barbados, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Sudan, and Vietnam—revealing critical misconceptions about the use and effectiveness of antibiotics.1
The results identified several alarming patterns in public knowledge. Sixty-four percent of respondents believed antibiotics could treat colds and influenza, conditions caused by viruses rather than bacteria.1 Additionally, 32 percent thought it appropriate to discontinue antibiotic courses once symptoms improved, a practice that accelerates resistance development.1 Perhaps most concerning, 76 percent of surveyed individuals incorrectly attributed antibiotic resistance to human bodies rather than to bacteria themselves.1 The survey also found that 64 percent of respondents expressed confidence that medical experts would resolve the issue before it became severe.1
In response to these findings, the WHO launched a global awareness campaign titled "Antibiotics: Handle with Care" during the inaugural World Antibiotic Awareness Week from November 16–22, 2015, aimed at improving public comprehension and reshaping antibiotic consumption practices.1 WHO Director-General Margaret Chan stated that "the rise of antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis,"1 underscoring the urgency of public education. Notably, 73 percent of survey participants acknowledged that farmers should reduce antibiotic use in food-producing animals, suggesting some awareness of agricultural contributions to resistance.1
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