北冰洋海冰在2026年9月12日达到年度最低值，覆盖面积约460万平方公里，与2008年、2010年和2025年的纪录并列为卫星记录以来第十低水平1。根据美国国家冰雪数据中心的监测，这一数字反映了北极冰层加速萎缩的长期趋势。
长期观测数据揭示了更加令人担忧的变化。自1978年卫星记录开始以来，2007至2026年间的每个夏季都跻身有记录以来最低值前二十1。同时，北冰洋的冰层结构也发生了显著改变——多年冰大幅减少，日益被更薄的一年冰所取代，这类新生冰层更容易在夏季融化1。在冬季，北冰洋海冰的最高值也在缩减，2026年3月与2025年3月并列为卫星记录以来最低1。
面对这些趋势，科学家警告北冰洋可能在21世纪中期前经历夏季基本无冰的局面1。
Arctic sea ice reached its annual minimum on September 12, 2026, covering approximately 4.6 million square kilometers (1.78 million square miles), marking the tenth-lowest extent since satellite measurements began in 1978 1. This year's minimum tied with records set in 2008, 2010, and 2025 1.
The persistent decline in Arctic ice reflects a troubling long-term trend. Nearly five decades of satellite observations show that sea ice is shrinking in both winter and summer seasons, with the remaining ice becoming progressively thinner and younger 1. Winter measurements recorded their lowest maximum extent in March 2026, matching the March 2025 record 1. Every summer season from 2007 through 2026 has ranked among the twenty lowest on record, with 2012 marking the absolute minimum 1.
Scientists warn that the Arctic Ocean may experience essentially ice-free summers before the middle of the twenty-first century 1. The transformation of the Arctic ice pack—from thick, multi-year ice to thinner, annual ice more susceptible to melting—underscores the accelerating pace of change in the polar region 1.
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