美国数据中心的迅速扩张正在引发广泛的公众反对，这一议题已成为当前中期选举的重要政治战场。1目前美国运营的数据中心约3000个，预计未来几年数量可能翻倍。1反对数据中心的社区组织数量激增，从今年年初的不足半数快速增长至833个。1
面对日益高涨的民意压力，多位政治人物改变了立场。亚利桑那州州长凯蒂·霍布斯在7月颁布了为期三年的数据中心税收优惠暂停令。1俄亥俄州共和党参议员约翰·赫斯特德也调整了态度，主张数据中心的发展应由当地居民和官员决定。1德州州长格雷格·阿博特的立场转变更为明显——年初他宣称德州是"人工智能发展中心"，数月后却改口表示对"安全和生活质量"感到关切，尽管该州已有近300个运营中的数据中心，另有170个在计划建设中。1
两党政治家都在借助反对数据中心的立场争取选票，而这种分歧已被进一步激化。前总统特朗普对反对数据中心的立场提出批评，称其为"可恶的阴谋"，并贬低反对者"落后且贫穷"。1
经济数据表明，数据中心对当地社区的实质帮助有限。布鲁金斯学会的研究显示，每个新数据中心仅创造100-200个本地工作机会，对本地工资水平没有实质性影响。1全国民调已将人工智能监管和数据中心列为本选举周期的热点议题之一。1
Growing opposition to data center expansion across the United States is reshaping the political landscape ahead of the midterm elections, with politicians from both parties shifting their positions in response to constituent pressure.1 The number of community groups opposing data centers has surged dramatically, climbing from fewer than half in early months of the year to 833 organizations.1 This grassroots movement has prompted elected officials at all levels to recalibrate their stances on development policies and artificial intelligence infrastructure.
Several high-profile political figures have reversed course on the issue. Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs imposed a three-year moratorium on tax incentives for data centers in July following public pressure.1 Ohio Republican Senator John Husted changed his position, declaring that decisions about data center development should rest with local residents and officials rather than state leadership.1 Meanwhile, Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown has gained a polling advantage over Husted in their competitive race.1 In Texas, where approximately 300 data centers currently operate with another 170 in planning stages, Governor Greg Abbott initially championed the state as an "AI hub" early in the year but later shifted his messaging to express concerns about "safety and quality of life."1
Former President Donald Trump has intensified partisan divisions by denouncing opposition to data centers as a "vile conspiracy" and characterizing opponents as "backward and poor."1 The debate reflects broader economic concerns: research from the Brookings Institution found that a single new data center creates only 100 to 200 local jobs and produces negligible impact on local wages.1 Nationally, AI regulation and data center policy have emerged as prominent issues in this election cycle.1 The United States currently operates approximately 3,000 data centers, a number projected to potentially double within the coming years.1
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