中国嫦娥六号月球采样任务在2024年成为首次从月球背面返回样品的任务1，为揭示月球的地质秘密提供了关键材料。南京大学何吉宇教授领导的研究团队通过分析这些返回的岩石样品，首次直接比较了月球正面和背面的物质成分1。研究发现，月球两个半球的地幔成分相似，但地壳差异明显1。
月球正面以暗色火山玄武岩和富含钾、稀土元素与磷的物质为主，而背面则以古老的撞击高地和较厚地壳为特征1。这种差异可能源于月球潮汐锁定后，地球重力引起的不均匀加热导致古老岩浆大规模流动而形成1。研究人员分析了斜长岩、镁套岩和玛利亚玄武岩三类岩石样品1，相关成果已发表于《国家科学评论》2026年第13卷第15期1。
Researchers analyzing rock samples returned by China's Chang'e-6 lunar mission have conducted the first direct comparison of material composition between the Moon's near side and far side, potentially explaining why the two hemispheres look so different.1 The study, led by Professor He Jiyu at Nanjing University, reveals that while the Moon's mantle composition is similar across both hemispheres, the crust shows significant variations.1 These crustal differences likely originated from uneven heating caused by Earth's gravitational pull after the Moon became tidally locked, triggering large-scale ancient magma flows that shaped the two faces we observe today.1
The Chang'e-6 mission made history in 2024 by becoming the first to return samples from the Moon's far side.1 Analysis of three rock sample categories—anorthosite, Mg-suite rocks, and mare basalts—found that the near side is dominated by dark volcanic basalt and materials rich in potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus, while the far side is characterized by ancient impact highlands and thicker crust.1 The findings were published in National Science Review, Volume 13, Issue 15, in 2026.1
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