一项刊登在《自然植物》杂志的最新研究通过分析超过6万份化石花粉和孢子，揭示了过去1.4亿年间陆地植物多样性与气候变化的密切关联。1研究发现，植物群落的主要多样性变化集中在两个全球极端温暖的时期，而这些变化并非仅限于被子植物，还涉及针叶树、苔藓和蕨类植物等多类植物。1
研究显示，约1亿年前的白垩纪中期，被子植物开始取代此前统治陆地200百万年的植物群落。1两个全球极端温暖时期各持续了几百万年。1研究团队分析了来自澳大利亚东南部、非洲东北部和南美北部地区的化石数据。1值得注意的是，当代人为引发的气候变暖速度远超历史上这些温暖期的升温速率。1
A study published in Nature Plants has identified two globally warm periods as pivotal moments in the evolution of terrestrial plant diversity over the past 140 million years.1 Researchers Kale Sniderman, Chris Mays, and Greg Jordan analyzed more than 60,000 fossil pollen and spore samples to trace how climate fluctuations influenced plant community composition throughout this vast timespan.1 The findings demonstrate that major shifts in plant diversity occurred not only among flowering plants but also affected conifers, mosses, and ferns during these extended warm intervals, each lasting several million years.1
The study examined fossil records from southeastern Australia, northeastern Africa, and northern South America, revealing that the most significant transformations in plant communities coincided with periods of extreme global warmth rather than occurring uniformly across time.1 Notably, around 100 million years ago during the Mid-Cretaceous period, flowering plants began displacing the plant groups that had dominated terrestrial ecosystems for the preceding 200 million years.1 The research underscores a critical contemporary concern: the rate of human-induced climate warming far exceeds the pace of natural warming episodes documented in Earth's geological history.1
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