美国军方加紧研发长效合成血液产品

美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）正在推进一项耗资7300万美元的RAPIID项目，致力于开发可长期保存的合成血液产品1。该项目由海军军医罗伯特·默里主导，汇集了包括KaloCyte和案例西部储备大学在内的多家机构的技术力量，目标是在2029年前部署现场可用的干血制品1。

这一研发计划的紧迫性在于战场救治的时间限制。战场伤患的关键救援窗口仅为36分钟，而约90%的可预防战死与失血有关1。美国需要输血的创伤患者中约99%未能获得输血，每年因血液短缺导致的可预防死亡约10,000人1。现有血液制品的保存难度也制约了战地应用：全血冷藏保存期限为35天，血小板室温保存期限仅一周或更短1。

项目正在开发的合成制品展现出显著优势。KaloCyte研发的人工红细胞ErythroMer经冷冻干燥后可在室温下保存两年1，而案例西部储备大学开发的人工血小板SynthoPlate室温保存期可超过一年，在华氏122度下至少能保存三个月1。这些特性使合成血液产品更适合在远离医疗设施的战地环境中使用。

The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is pursuing a $73 million initiative to create long-term storage synthetic blood products that can be deployed in battlefield conditions 1. The RAPIID project, led by Navy medical officer Robert Murray, aims to have field-ready dried blood products available by 2029 1. This effort builds on earlier work from the FSHARP project, which received $47.5 million in funding 1.

The urgency of this development stems from the critical constraints of traditional blood transfusions and their scarcity in combat zones 1. Approximately 90 percent of preventable battlefield deaths are related to blood loss, yet current blood products have severe limitations: whole blood can be refrigerated for only 35 days, while platelets remain viable at room temperature for a week or less 1. In the United States civilian context, about 99 percent of trauma patients requiring transfusions do not receive them, with approximately 10,000 preventable deaths annually occurring due to blood shortages 1. The window for lifesaving intervention on the battlefield is approximately 36 minutes 1.

The project integrates technologies from multiple organizations to address these limitations 1. KaloCyte has developed ErythroMer, an artificial red blood cell that can be freeze-dried and stored at room temperature for two years 1. Case Western Reserve University created SynthoPlate, an artificial platelet product with room temperature shelf life exceeding one year and lasting at least three months at 122 degrees Fahrenheit 1. These synthetic products are designed to fill supply gaps across USPACOM's operational area, which spans approximately 100 million square miles from the Western Indian Ocean to Hawaii and from the Antarctic to the Arctic 1.