澳大利亚民主网络与迪肯大学的联合报告指出，澳大利亚各州正通过日益复杂的抗议许可制度限制公民集会权12。这些制度将原本的通知系统转变为授权系统，要求民众获得政府批准才能合法参与抗议活动1。
地方政府设置的行政障碍已达到荒谬程度。新南威尔士州一个地区委员会要求抗议组织者获得2000万美元的公众责任保险政策才能在公园举行集会12。在爱丽丝泉，申请许可证需支付109美元且无批准保证1。2024年1月，达尔文一个土著群体在入侵日集会前五天被收取8000美元的交通控制费1。违反这些规定的后果同样严厉：新南威尔士州因堵塞道路可被罚款22000美元并监禁两年，南澳因堵塞公共场所可被罚款50000美元1。
然而研究表明，这些制度既未能减少警方工作负担，也无法证明其必要性1。新南威尔士警方自2023年以来三次上诉法院试图阻止抗议，耗资超过300000美元但未能阻止任何一场抗议活动1。相比之下，英国、美国、加拿大、新西兰和南非通常不要求许可证即可在公共街道上抗议1。这些做法违反了国际民权公约，使澳大利亚的民主实践与其他可比司法管辖区的标准产生了偏离1。
Australian state governments are progressively eroding the right to peaceful assembly by converting protest notification systems into permission-based regimes that require citizens to obtain official approval before demonstrating publicly.1 A joint report by the Australian Democracy Network and Deakin University has documented how local government administrative barriers systematically obstruct the right to protest, with one regional council in New South Wales demanding A$20 million in public liability insurance as a condition for holding a rally in a park.12
The restrictions come with substantial financial and legal penalties for non-compliance. New South Wales imposes fines of A$22,000 and potential two-year imprisonment for blocking roadways, while South Australia levies A$50,000 fines for obstructing public spaces.1 In Alice Springs, applicants seeking protest permits must pay A$109 with no guarantee of approval.1 In January 2024, indigenous groups in Darwin were charged A$8,000 in traffic control fees just five days before an Invasion Day rally.1 Despite these enforcement efforts, New South Wales police have appealed to the courts three times since 2023 to prevent protests, spending over A$300,000 in the process but failed to stop any demonstrations.1
Research indicates these licensing systems neither reduce police workload nor demonstrate practical necessity, yet they contravene international human rights agreements.1 The licensing requirements represent a stark departure from comparable democracies: the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa typically do not require permits for public street protests.1
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