剑桥大学和东英吉利亚大学的最新研究表明，女性患者被医生告知自身免疫疾病实际上源于心理或心理躯体原因的可能性远高于男性1。这项涵盖6600多名患者的研究发表在《柳叶刀电子临床医学》期刊上，其中43%的女性报告曾被告知病情与精神因素相关，而男性中这一比例仅为33%1。经过调整其他因素后，女性被误诊为心理躯体症状的风险比男性高74%1。
诊断时间差异也十分显著1。女性患者从症状首次出现到最终确诊平均需要1至2年，而男性患者通常在3个月内获得诊断1。研究负责人梅兰妮·斯隆指出："这些类型的误诊对女性造成的伤害在信任医生和自尊方面可能长期存在"1。全球约十分之一的人口受到自身免疫疾病的影响1。
A joint study by researchers at Cambridge University and the University of East Anglia has revealed significant gender disparities in how autoimmune diseases are diagnosed and initially explained to patients 1. Women with autoimmune conditions are 74% more likely than men to be told their symptoms stem from psychological or psychosomatic causes, according to findings published in the Lancet eClinicalMedicine journal 1.
The research, which analyzed data from over 6,600 patients, found that 43% of women reported being told their condition was psychological in origin, compared to 33% of men 1. When examining psychosomatic misdiagnosis specifically—where symptoms are attributed to psychological factors—34% of women experienced this, versus 22% of men 1. After accounting for other variables, women's risk of psychological misdiagnosis was 46% higher than men's, while their risk of psychosomatic misdiagnosis was substantially elevated at 74% 1.
The diagnostic delay compounds this problem. Women typically waited between one and two years from symptom onset to receive a confirmed diagnosis, while men generally received diagnoses within three months or less 1. Melanie Sloan, the study's lead author, emphasized the lasting damage such misdiagnoses inflict: "These types of misdiagnosis can have long-term consequences for women in terms of trust in doctors and self-esteem" 1. The research sample consisted primarily of female patients drawn largely from the United Kingdom 1. Globally, approximately one in ten people—hundreds of millions worldwide—are affected by autoimmune diseases 1.
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